What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Colli dell'Etruria Centrale in Italy
- Latitude
- 42.8°–44.1° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 49 m to 413 m
- Production zone
- 757,446 ha
Covers the same area as
Chianti, Vin Santo del Chianti
Contains 19 appellations (outlined on the zone map)
Barco Reale di Carmignano, Brunello di Montalcino, Carmignano, Chianti Classico, Moscadello di Montalcino, Pomino, Rosso di Montalcino, Rosso di Montepulciano, San Gimignano, San Torpè, Sant'Antimo, Terre di Casole, Terre di Pisa, Val d'Arno di Sopra, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, Vin Santo del Chianti Classico, Vin Santo di Carmignano, Vin Santo di Montepulciano, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Colli dell'Etruria Centrale must meet.
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Bianco
- ≥ 50% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
- ≤ 15% red grapes (within the other grapes) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Vin Santo
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano toscano / Malvasia Bianca Lunga · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Vin Santo Riserva
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano toscano / Malvasia Bianca Lunga · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the fourth year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Rosso
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
- ≤ 25% white grapes (within the other grapes) · Others allowed
; release from 1 February of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Rosato
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
- ≤ 25% white grapes (within the other grapes) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Novello
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
- ≤ 15% white grapes (within the other grapes) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice Riserva
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the fourth year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
91 varieties · Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Bianco
Albana, Albarola, Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Ansonica, Barbera, Barsaglina, Biancone, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Bianco, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Clairette, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Durella, Fiano, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gewürztraminer, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Grechetto, Greco, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Incrocio Bruni 54, Lambrusco Maestri, Livornese Bianca, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Nocchianello Nero, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Riesling, Roussanne, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Sauvignon Blanc, Schiava Gentile, Semillon, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vermentino Nero, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
90 varieties · Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Vin Santo, Colli Dell’Etruria Centrale Vin Santo Riserva
Albana, Albarola, Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Ansonica, Barbera, Barsaglina, Biancone, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Bianco, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Clairette, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Durella, Fiano, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gewürztraminer, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Grechetto, Greco, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Incrocio Bruni 54, Lambrusco Maestri, Livornese Bianca, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Nocchianello Nero, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Riesling, Roussanne, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Sauvignon Blanc, Schiava Gentile, Semillon, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vermentino Nero, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
91 varieties · 5 wines
Albana, Albarola, Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Ansonica, Barbera, Barsaglina, Biancone, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Bianco, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Clairette, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Durella, Fiano, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gewürztraminer, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Grechetto, Greco, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Incrocio Bruni 54, Lambrusco Maestri, Livornese Bianca, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Nocchianello Nero, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Riesling, Roussanne, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sauvignon Blanc, Schiava Gentile, Semillon, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vermentino Nero, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,300
Vines per hectare, minimum
700 m
Highest vineyard allowed
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.7 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,854 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 203 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.7 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,854
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 497 mm
- Of 930 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 213 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 349 m; Vineyard point 2, 324 m; Vineyard point 3, 36 m; Vineyard point 4, 191 m; Vineyard point 5, 115 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline TeramaneVery similarCompared with Colli dell'Etruria Centrale: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. PergolaVery similarCompared with Colli dell'Etruria Centrale: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Rosso OrvietanoVery similarCompared with Colli dell'Etruria Centrale: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 213 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Colli dell'Etruria Centrale · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Rosso, Rosato and Bianco range from secco to abboccato and the Vin Santi from secco to dolce, so sweetness is null; the Rosso's minimum total alcohol is printed as '10,50,00 % vol'. Vin Santo grapes are dried to at least 26% sugar and aged in caratelli of at most 5 hl until 1 October of the third year (fourth for riserva), with no start date stated, so no ageing months are recorded. Governo all'uso toscano is allowed for the Rosso; maximum 5 kg of grapes per vine; vinification also allowed in the same and neighbouring Tuscan provinces.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.