What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Sant'Antimo in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.0°–43.2° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 140 m to 519 m
- Production zone
- 31,023 ha
Lies within
Orcia, Chianti, Vin Santo del Chianti, Colli dell'Etruria Centrale
Covers the same area as
Brunello di Montalcino, Moscadello di Montalcino, Rosso di Montalcino
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Sant'Antimo must meet.
Blend rules
Santantimo Rosso Pinot Nero
- ≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
Blend rules
Santantimo Rosso Cabernet Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
Blend rules
Santantimo Rosso Merlot
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
Blend rules
Santantimo Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
- 50–70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- 30–50% Malvasia Nera · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Santantimo Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice Riserva
- 50–70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- 30–50% Malvasia Nera · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the fourth year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Santantimo Bianco Chardonnay
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
Blend rules
Santantimo Bianco Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
Blend rules
Santantimo Bianco Pinot Grigio
- ≥ 85% Pinot Grigio · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
Blend rules
Santantimo Vin Santo
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano toscano / Malvasia bianca lunga · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Santantimo Vin Santo Riserva
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano toscano / Malvasia bianca lunga · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the fourth year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
54 varieties · Santantimo Rosso Pinot Nero
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · Santantimo Rosso Cabernet Sauvignon
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · Santantimo Rosso Merlot
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
52 varieties · Santantimo Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice, Santantimo Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice Riserva
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
35 varieties · Santantimo Bianco Chardonnay, Santantimo Bianco Pinot Grigio
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
34 varieties · Santantimo Bianco Sauvignon
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
33 varieties · Santantimo Vin Santo, Santantimo Vin Santo Riserva
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
600 m
Highest vineyard allowed
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.8 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,878 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 307 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.8 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,878
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 459 mm
- Of 840 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 187 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 590 m; Vineyard point 2, 345 m; Vineyard point 3, 275 m; Vineyard point 4, 92 m; Vineyard point 5, 233 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Bianchello del MetauroVery similarCompared with Sant'Antimo: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Côtes du Rhône VillagesVery similarCompared with Sant'Antimo: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. TodiVery similarCompared with Sant'Antimo: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 187 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Sant'Antimo (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vin Santo may be secco (at least 14% actual alcohol, total acidity 4.5 g/l) or amabile (at least 13% actual, acidity 5.0 g/l), so its sweetness and actual alcohol are left unset and the lower acidity is recorded. Vin Santo grapes are dried to at least 26.6% sugar and pressed between 1 December and 31 March, then aged in casks of at most 5 hl for an unstated period. Novello release date is set by general novello rules, not this text.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.