What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
San Gimignano in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.4°–43.5° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 80 m to 282 m
- Production zone
- 13,862 ha
Lies within
Chianti, Vin Santo del Chianti, Colli dell'Etruria Centrale
Covers the same area as
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled San Gimignano must meet.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Rosso
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Cabernet sauvignon / Merlot / Syrah / Pinot nero · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Cabernet sauvignon / Merlot / Syrah / Pinot nero · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Sangiovese
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Sangiovese Riserva
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Cabernet Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Cabernet Sauvignon Riserva
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Merlot
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Merlot Riserva
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Syrah
- ≥ 85% Syrah · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Syrah Riserva
- ≥ 85% Syrah · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Pinot Nero
- ≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Pinot Nero Riserva
- ≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Rosato
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Cabernet sauvignon / Merlot / Syrah / Pinot nero · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 January of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Vinsanto Occhio di Pernice/Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
San Gimignano Vinsanto/Vin Santo
- ≥ 30% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 50% Malvasia del chianti · Allowed
- ≤ 20% Vernaccia di San Gimignano · Allowed
- ≤ 10% other white grapes suitable in Toscana · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
50 varieties · San Gimignano Rosso, San Gimignano Rosso Riserva, San Gimignano Rosato
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · San Gimignano Sangiovese, San Gimignano Sangiovese Riserva, San Gimignano Vinsanto Occhio di Pernice/Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · San Gimignano Cabernet Sauvignon, San Gimignano Cabernet Sauvignon Riserva
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · San Gimignano Merlot, San Gimignano Merlot Riserva
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · San Gimignano Syrah, San Gimignano Syrah Riserva
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · San Gimignano Pinot Nero, San Gimignano Pinot Nero Riserva
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
32 varieties · San Gimignano Vinsanto/Vin Santo
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
500 m
Highest vineyard allowed
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.4 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,808 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 231 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.4 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,808
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 535 mm
- Of 971 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 231 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 169 m; Vineyard point 2, 196 m; Vineyard point 3, 442 m; Vineyard point 4, 189 m; Vineyard point 5, 159 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Fiano di AvellinoVery similarCompared with San Gimignano: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Oltrepò PaveseVery similarCompared with San Gimignano: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. OrvietoVery similarCompared with San Gimignano: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 231 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: San Gimignano (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Minimum vine density for new plantings is 4,000 per hectare. The tendone training system is prohibited. Vin Santo grapes are dried indoors to 27% sugar and pressed between 1 December and 31 March, then fermented and aged in casks of at most 250 litres; Vin Santo ranges from dry to amabile, so sweetness is left unset.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.