What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Pergola in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.4°–43.7° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 142 m to 400 m
- Production zone
- 22,537 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Pergola must meet.
Blend rules
Pergola Aleatico
- ≥ 85% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Aleatico Superiore
- ≥ 85% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Aleatico Riserva
- ≥ 85% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Pergola Aleatico Passito
- ≥ 85% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Pergola Rosato
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Rosato Frizzante
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Rosso
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Pergola Rosso Superiore
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Rosso Novello
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Aleatico Spumante
- ≥ 85% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pergola Rosé/Rosato Spumante
- ≥ 60% Aléatico · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
27 varieties · 16 wines
Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbo Gentile, Merlot, Montepulciano, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Syrah, Teroldego, Terrano, Vernaccia Nera, Vernaccia Nera Grossa
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,200
Vines per hectare, minimum
150–600 m
Vineyard altitude allowed
Training
Systems allowed
cordone speronato; Guyot semplice o doppio; cordone libero; archetto toscano
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.7 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,864 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 259 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.7 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,864
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 476 mm
- Of 844 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 153 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 273 m; Vineyard point 2, 131 m; Vineyard point 3, 453 m; Vineyard point 4, 282 m; Vineyard point 5, 158 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Colli dell'Etruria CentraleVery similarCompared with Pergola: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline TeramaneVery similarCompared with Pergola: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Montepulciano d’AbruzzoVery similarCompared with Pergola: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 153 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Pergola (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Grape yields are given only for Aleatico, Aleatico superiore, rosso, rosso superiore and rosato, so the other types take their base wine's figure. Several types range 'da secco a dolce' or 'da dosaggio zero a dolce', so sweetness is left null; the spumante method is not stated. Aleatico Passito grapes are dried to at least 26% sugar and crushed by 31 March.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.