What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Terre di Casole in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.2°–43.4° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 259 m to 368 m
- Production zone
- 14,868 ha
Lies within
Chianti, Vin Santo del Chianti, Colli dell'Etruria Centrale
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Terre di Casole must meet.
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Bianco
- ≥ 50% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Bianco Riserva
- ≥ 50% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 30 September of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Passito Bianco
- ≥ 50% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 30 September of the fourth year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Rosso
- 60–80% Sangiovese · Main grape
- 20–40% other red grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 30 September of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Rosso Sangiovese
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 30 September of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Rosso Sangiovese Riserva
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Terre di Casole Rosso superiore
- 60–80% Sangiovese · Main grape
- 20–40% other red grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 January of the third year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
34 varieties · Terre di Casole Bianco, Terre di Casole Bianco Riserva, Terre di Casole Passito Bianco
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
54 varieties · 5 wines
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
guyot; cordone speronato; capovolto
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.7 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,858 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 291 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.7 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,858
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 520 mm
- Of 940 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 223 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 313 m; Vineyard point 2, 259 m; Vineyard point 3, 369 m; Vineyard point 4, 296 m; Vineyard point 5, 217 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Aleatico di GradoliVery similarCompared with Terre di Casole: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline TeramaneVery similarCompared with Terre di Casole: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. CasteggioVery similarCompared with Terre di Casole: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 223 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Terre di Casole (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The register's 'Rosso Riserva' has no matching type in this text, which instead governs a 'Rosso superiore' (added as an extra product; vineyards at least 7 years old); 'Rosso Riserva' values are left null. Passito grapes are dried to 28% sugar and pressed between 31 December and 31 March; Sangiovese riserva requires vines at least 8 years old.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.