Oltrepò Pavese

What is made here

Wine colours

Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.

Where it is

Oltrepò Pavese in Italy

Latitude: 44.8°–45.1° N
Vineyard altitude: 126 m to 382 m
Production zone: 51,556 ha

Covers the same area as
Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese, Oltrepò Pavese metodo classico, Oltrepò Pavese Pinot grigio, Pinot nero dell'Oltrepò Pavese

Contains 3 appellations (outlined on the zone map)
Buttafuoco dell'Oltrepò Pavese, Casteggio, Sangue di Giuda

Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.

Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.

Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.

01 · What the law says

The rules

Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Oltrepò Pavese must meet.

57 wines in the rules, all colours.
Wine	Main grape(s)	Max yield t/ha	Max wine hl/ha	Wine from grapes max. %	Grape ripeness min. % pot. alc.	Wine min. % alc.	Actual alc. min. %	Acidity min. g/l	Dry extract min. g/l	Ageing min. months
Oltrepò Pavese Rosso	Barbera, Croatina	11	77	70	11	11.5	–	4.5	20	–
Oltrepò Pavese Rosso Riserva	Barbera, Croatina	11	77	70	12	12.5	–	4.5	22	24
Oltrepò Pavese Rosato	Barbera, Croatina	11	77	70	10	10.5	–	4.5	17	–
Oltrepò Pavese Rosato Frizzante	Barbera, Croatina	11	77	70	10	10.5	10	4.5	17	–
Oltrepò Pavese Bianco	60% Riesling / Riesling italico	12	84	70	10.5	12	–	4.5	16	–
Oltrepò Pavese Barbera	85% Barbera	12	84	70	11	11	–	4.5	20	–
Oltrepò Pavese Barbera Frizzante	85% Barbera	12	84	70	11	11	10.5	4.5	20	–
Oltrepò Pavese Barbera Riserva	85% Barbera	12	84	70	12	12.5	–	4.5	24	24
Oltrepò Pavese Riesling	85% Riesling / Riesling italico	12.5	88	70	10.5	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Frizzante	85% Riesling / Riesling italico	12.5	88	70	10.5	10.5	10	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Spumante (white)	Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir +2	12.5	88	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepo Pavese Riesling Riserva	85% Riesling / Riesling italico	12.5	88	70	12	12	–	4.5	22	24
Oltrepo Pavese Riesling Superiore	85% Riesling / Riesling italico	11	77	70	12	12	–	4.5	22	–
Oltrepò Pavese Cortese	85% Cortese	11	77	70	10	10.5	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Cortese Frizzante	85% Cortese	11	77	70	10	10.5	10	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Cortese Spumante	85% Cortese	11	77	70	9	10.5	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato	85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	88	70	10	11	4.5	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Frizzante	85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	88	70	10	11	7	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Spumante (white)	Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir +2	12.5	88	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Spumante (white)	Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir +2	12.5	88	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Spumante Dolce (white)	Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	88	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Passito	85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	56	45	10.5	15	12	3.5	24	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Liquoroso	85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	88	70	12.5	18	–	4.5	16	–
Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia	85% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica	11.5	81	70	9.5	12	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Frizzante	85% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica	11.5	81	70	9.5	11	7	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Spumante Dolce (white)	Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	88	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Spumante Dolce (white)	Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	88	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Spumante (white)	Malvasia di Candia Aromatica	11.5	81	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero	85% Pinot Noir	12	84	70	10.5	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Frizzante	85% Pinot Noir	12	84	70	10.5	10.5	10	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Spumante (white)	Malvasia di Candia Aromatica	11.5	81	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Spumante (white)	Malvasia di Candia Aromatica	11.5	81	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante (white)	Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio +1	12	84	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Rosato	85% Pinot Noir	12	84	70	10.5	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Rosato Frizzante	85% Pinot Noir	12	84	70	10.5	10.5	10	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante (white)	Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio +1	12	84	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante (white)	Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio +1	12	84	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante Rosato (rosé)	Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio +1	12	84	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay	85% Chardonnay	10	70	70	10	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Frizzante	85% Chardonnay	10	70	70	10	10.5	10	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante Rosato (rosé)	Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio +1	12	84	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante Rosato (rosé)	Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio +1	12	84	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Spumante (white)	Chardonnay	10	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon	85% Sauvignon Blanc	10	70	70	10	11	–	4.5	17	–
Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Spumante (white)	Chardonnay	10	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Spumante (white)	Chardonnay	10	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon Spumante (white)	Sauvignon Blanc	10	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Cabernet Sauvignon	85% Cabernet Sauvignon	10.5	74	70	10.5	11.5	–	4.5	22	–
Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon Spumante (white)	Sauvignon Blanc	10	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon Spumante (white)	Sauvignon Blanc	10	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Spumante	85% Chardonnay	10	–	70	9	11.5	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Spumante	85% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica	11.5	–	70	9	11	6	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Spumante Dolce	85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains	12.5	–	70	9.5	11	6	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante	85% Pinot Noir	12	–	70	9.5	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante Rosato	85% Pinot Noir	12	–	70	9.5	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Spumante	85% Riesling / Riesling italico	12.5	–	70	9.5	11	–	4.5	14	–
Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon Spumante	85% Sauvignon Blanc	10	–	70	9	11	–	4.5	17	–

From the official production rules (disciplinare di produzione). Hover a figure to see the clause it comes from. A dash means the rules set no figure, or it is not captured yet.

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Rosso

25–65% Barbera · Main grape
25–65% Croatina · Main grape
≤ 45% Uva rara / Ughetta (Vespolina) / Pinot nero · Allowed
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Rosso Riserva

25–65% Barbera · Main grape
25–65% Croatina · Main grape
≤ 45% Uva rara / Ughetta (Vespolina) / Pinot nero · Allowed
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

At least 24 months' ageing.

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Rosato

25–65% Barbera · Main grape
25–65% Croatina · Main grape
≤ 45% Uva rara / Ughetta (Vespolina) / Pinot nero · Allowed
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Rosato Frizzante

25–65% Barbera · Main grape
25–65% Croatina · Main grape
≤ 45% Uva rara / Ughetta (Vespolina) / Pinot nero · Allowed
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Bianco

≥ 60% Riesling / Riesling italico · Main grape
≤ 40% Pinot nero or other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Barbera

85–100% Barbera · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Barbera Frizzante

85–100% Barbera · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Barbera Riserva

85–100% Barbera · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

At least 24 months' ageing.

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Riesling

≥ 85% Riesling / Riesling italico · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot nero / Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Frizzante

≥ 85% Riesling / Riesling italico · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot nero / Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepo Pavese Riesling Riserva

≥ 85% Riesling / Riesling italico · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot nero / Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco · Allowed

At least 24 months' ageing.

Blend rules

Oltrepo Pavese Riesling Superiore

≥ 85% Riesling / Riesling italico · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot nero / Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Cortese

≥ 85% Cortese · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Cortese Frizzante

≥ 85% Cortese · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Cortese Spumante

≥ 85% Cortese · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Moscato

≥ 85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains · Main grape
≤ 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Frizzante

≥ 85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains · Main grape
≤ 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Passito

≥ 85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains · Main grape
≤ 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Allowed

; release from 1 June of the year after the harvest.

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Liquoroso

≥ 85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains · Main grape
≤ 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia

≥ 85% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Main grape
≤ 15% other white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Frizzante

≥ 85% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Main grape
≤ 15% other white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero

≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Frizzante

≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Rosato

≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Rosato Frizzante

≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay

≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Frizzante

≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon

≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Cabernet Sauvignon

≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Chardonnay Spumante

≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Malvasia Spumante

≥ 85% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Main grape
≤ 15% other white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Moscato Spumante Dolce

≥ 85% Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains · Main grape
≤ 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatica · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante

≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero Spumante Rosato

≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Riesling Spumante

≥ 85% Riesling / Riesling italico · Main grape
≤ 15% Pinot nero / Pinot grigio / Pinot bianco · Allowed

Blend rules

Oltrepò Pavese Sauvignon Spumante

≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed

Other varieties allowed

Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.

59 varieties · 4 wines

Ancellotta, Bellagna, Bonarda, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Corvina, Dolcetto, Erbanno, Fortana, Franconia, Freisa, Grappello Ruberti, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di Mocasina, Groppello di S. Stefano, Iasma Eco 1, Iasma Eco 2, Incrocio Terzi N.1, Julius, Lagrein, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Salamino, Lambrusco Viadanese, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Maiolina, Marzemino, Merera, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Meunier, Molinara, Montepulciano, Moradella, Mornasca, Moscato di Scanzo, Nebbiolo, Negrara, Petit Verdot, Pignola, Prior, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Rondinella, Rossola Nera, Sangiovese, Schiava, Schiava Gentile, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Grossa, Serbina, Syrah, Teroldego

37 varieties · Oltrepò Pavese Bianco

Bronner, Bussanello, Cortese, Erbaluce, Erbamat, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Helios, Iasma Eco 3, Iasma Eco 4, Invernenga, Johanniter, Kerner, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Timorasso, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Verdea, Verdese

63 varieties · Oltrepò Pavese Barbera, Oltrepò Pavese Barbera Frizzante, Oltrepò Pavese Barbera Riserva

Ancellotta, Bellagna, Bonarda, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Corvina, Croatina, Dolcetto, Erbanno, Fortana, Franconia, Freisa, Grappello Ruberti, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di Mocasina, Groppello di S. Stefano, Iasma Eco 1, Iasma Eco 2, Incrocio Terzi N.1, Julius, Lagrein, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Salamino, Lambrusco Viadanese, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Maiolina, Marzemino, Merera, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Meunier, Molinara, Montepulciano, Moradella, Mornasca, Moscato di Scanzo, Nebbiolo, Negrara, Petit Verdot, Pignola, Pinot Noir, Prior, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Rondinella, Rossola Nera, Sangiovese, Schiava, Schiava Gentile, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Grossa, Serbina, Syrah, Teroldego, Uva Rara, Vespolina

38 varieties · Oltrepò Pavese Cortese, Oltrepò Pavese Cortese Frizzante, Oltrepò Pavese Cortese Spumante

Bronner, Bussanello, Erbaluce, Erbamat, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Helios, Iasma Eco 3, Iasma Eco 4, Invernenga, Johanniter, Kerner, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Timorasso, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Verdea, Verdese, Welschriesling

38 varieties · 6 wines

Bronner, Bussanello, Cortese, Erbaluce, Erbamat, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Helios, Iasma Eco 3, Iasma Eco 4, Invernenga, Johanniter, Kerner, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Timorasso, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Verdea, Verdese, Welschriesling

39 varieties · 6 wines

Bronner, Bussanello, Cortese, Erbaluce, Erbamat, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Helios, Iasma Eco 3, Iasma Eco 4, Invernenga, Johanniter, Kerner, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Timorasso, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Verdea, Verdese, Welschriesling

38 varieties · 5 wines

Bronner, Bussanello, Cortese, Erbaluce, Erbamat, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Helios, Iasma Eco 3, Iasma Eco 4, Invernenga, Johanniter, Kerner, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Timorasso, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Verdea, Verdese, Welschriesling

63 varieties · Oltrepò Pavese Cabernet Sauvignon

Ancellotta, Barbera, Bellagna, Bonarda, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Corvina, Croatina, Dolcetto, Erbanno, Fortana, Franconia, Freisa, Grappello Ruberti, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di Mocasina, Groppello di S. Stefano, Iasma Eco 1, Iasma Eco 2, Incrocio Terzi N.1, Julius, Lagrein, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Salamino, Lambrusco Viadanese, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Maiolina, Marzemino, Merera, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Meunier, Molinara, Montepulciano, Moradella, Mornasca, Moscato di Scanzo, Nebbiolo, Negrara, Petit Verdot, Pignola, Pinot Noir, Prior, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Rondinella, Rossola Nera, Sangiovese, Schiava, Schiava Gentile, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Grossa, Serbina, Syrah, Teroldego, Uva Rara, Vespolina

In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine

4,000

Vines per hectare, minimum

Training

Systems allowed

controspalliera

Permitted

Irrigation

Cellar

Where the wine must be made

Within the production zone

02 · Climate fingerprint

The climate

The growing season averages 18.4 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,796 growing degree days (Winkler III).

The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 206 m

Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season

Growing-season temperature: 18.4 °C; Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
Growing degree days: 1,796; Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
Growing-season rain: 526 mm; Of 889 mm a year
Harvest rain: 182 mm; September–October

Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 272 m; Vineyard point 2, 203 m; Vineyard point 3, 70 m; Vineyard point 4, 125 m; Vineyard point 5, 362 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.

Closest climates in the database

Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.

1. OrvietoVery similarCompared with Oltrepò Pavese: same season warmth, similar rain.

2. San GimignanoVery similarCompared with Oltrepò Pavese: same season warmth, similar rain.

3. Vernaccia di San GimignanoVery similarCompared with Oltrepò Pavese: same season warmth, similar rain.

Growing-season temperature

Oltrepò Pavese

18.4 °C

Orvieto

18.4 °C

San Gimignano

18.4 °C

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

18.4 °C

Growing degree days

Oltrepò Pavese

1,796

Orvieto

1,801

San Gimignano

1,808

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

1,808

Growing-season rain

Oltrepò Pavese

526 mm

Orvieto

515 mm

San Gimignano

535 mm

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

535 mm

03 · Year by year

35 vintages

Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.

Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 182 mm

2025

Growing-season temp.
Growing degree days
Harvest rain
Growing-season rain
September nights
Hot days and frosts

Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.

04 · Where the numbers come from

Sources

A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
Disciplinare di produzione: Oltrepò Pavese (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method

Still to check (3)

Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
From the specification: Vinification is also allowed across the province of Pavia and two hamlets of Ziano Piacentino, and for sparkling, frizzante and liquoroso wines across Lombardy and Piedmont; the minimum vine density for Croatina is 3,200/ha. Moscato liquoroso may be sweet or dry (Art. 6 says 'secco'), Malvasia spumante dry, amabile or sweet; Moscato spumante dolce's 11% is written as 'svolto' but with 'di cui almeno 6,00% vol effettivo', so it is recorded as total. Art. 6 swaps the numbering of Riesling riserva and superiore, whose values are identical.
National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.