What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Collio Goriziano in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.9°–46.1° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 42 m to 190 m
- Production zone
- 12,693 ha
Lies within
Friuli, Prosecco, delle Venezie
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Collio Goriziano must meet.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Bianco
- – one or more white varieties listed in Art. 2 · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Muller Thurgau / Traminer aromatico · Allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Bianco Riserva
- – one or more white varieties listed in Art. 2 · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Muller Thurgau / Traminer aromatico · Allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Chardonnay
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Chardonnay Riserva
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Malvasia
- ≥ 85% Malvasia Istriana · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Malvasia Riserva
- ≥ 85% Malvasia Istriana · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Muller Turghau
- ≥ 85% Müller-Thurgau · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Muller Turghau Riserva
- ≥ 85% Müller-Thurgau · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Picolit
- ≥ 85% Picolit · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Picolit Riserva
- ≥ 85% Picolit · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Bianco
- ≥ 85% Pinot Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Bianco Riserva
- ≥ 85% Pinot Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Grigio
- ≥ 85% Pinot Grigio · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Grigio Riserva
- ≥ 85% Pinot Grigio · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Robolla/Ribolla Gialla
- ≥ 85% Ribolla Gialla · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Robolla/Ribolla Gialla Riserva
- ≥ 85% Ribolla Gialla · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Riesling
- ≥ 85% Riesling · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Riesling Riserva
- ≥ 85% Riesling · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Riesling Italico
- ≥ 85% Welschriesling · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Riesling Italico Riserva
- ≥ 85% Welschriesling · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Sauvignon Riserva
- ≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Friulano
- ≥ 85% Friulano (Tocai friulano) · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Friulano Riserva
- ≥ 85% Friulano (Tocai friulano) · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Traminer Aromatico
- ≥ 85% Gewürztraminer · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Traminer Aromatico Riserva
- ≥ 85% Gewürztraminer · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 20 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Rosso
- – one or more red varieties listed in Art. 2 · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Muller Thurgau / Traminer aromatico · Allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Rosso Riserva
- – one or more red varieties listed in Art. 2 · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Muller Thurgau / Traminer aromatico · Allowed
At least 30 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Franc
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Franc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Franc Riserva
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Franc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 30 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Sauvignon Riserva
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 30 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Merlot
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Merlot Riserva
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 30 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Nero
- ≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
Blend rules
Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Nero Riserva
- ≥ 85% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other varieties of the same colour listed in Art. 2 · Others allowed
At least 30 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
25 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Bianco, Collio Goriziano/Collio Bianco Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska
31 varieties · 10 wines
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Picolit, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Malvasia, Collio Goriziano/Collio Malvasia Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Picolit, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Muller Turghau, Collio Goriziano/Collio Muller Turghau Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Palava, Picolit, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Picolit, Collio Goriziano/Collio Picolit Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Bianco, Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Bianco Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Picolit, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Riesling Italico, Collio Goriziano/Collio Riesling Italico Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Picolit, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Sauvignon, Collio Goriziano/Collio Sauvignon Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Picolit, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Friulano, Collio Goriziano/Collio Friulano Riserva
Cividin, Fleurtai, Garganega, Glera, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Palava, Picolit, Pinot Blanc, Ribuele, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Sciaglin, Semillon, Soreli, Sylvaner, Ucelut, Verdiso, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Vitouska, Welschriesling
26 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Rosso, Collio Goriziano/Collio Rosso Riserva
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Volos, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piccola Nera, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
28 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet, Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Riserva
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Volos, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piccola Nera, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Pinot Noir, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Franc, Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Franc Riserva
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piccola Nera, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Pinot Noir, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Sauvignon, Collio Goriziano/Collio Cabernet Sauvignon Riserva
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piccola Nera, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Pinot Noir, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Merlot, Collio Goriziano/Collio Merlot Riserva
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piccola Nera, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Pinot Noir, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
30 varieties · Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Nero, Collio Goriziano/Collio Pinot Nero Riserva
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piccola Nera, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.8 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,673 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 77 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.8 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,673
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 952 mm
- Of 1,591 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 369 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 59 m; Vineyard point 2, 94 m; Vineyard point 3, 147 m; Vineyard point 4, 42 m; Vineyard point 5, 45 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Teroldego RotalianoVery similarCompared with Collio Goriziano: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Friuli GraveVery similarCompared with Collio Goriziano: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. ValdadigeVery similarCompared with Collio Goriziano: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 369 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Collio Goriziano · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Riserva wines (Art. 7) must not have been enriched and need 12% vol natural alcohol (Picolit excluded, so Picolit Riserva keeps the Picolit 13% and is given the white-wine ageing of 20 months). Valley-floor and plain vineyards are excluded. Vinification is also allowed in the whole of the communes partly in the zone, and with ministerial consent elsewhere in the region. Picolit is amabile or dolce. Product names keep the register spelling 'Muller Turghau' and 'Robolla'.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.