What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Colli di Conegliano in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.8°–46.1° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 49 m to 269 m
- Production zone
- 53,040 ha
Lies within
Colli Asolani - Prosecco, Vigneti della Serenissima, Venezia, Prosecco, delle Venezie
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Colli di Conegliano must meet.
Blend rules
Colli di Conegliano Torchiato di Fregona
- ≥ 30% Glera · Main grape
- ≥ 20% Verdiso · Main grape
- ≥ 25% Boschera · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white grapes suitable in the province of Treviso · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Colli di Conegliano Refrontolo Passito
- ≥ 95% Marzemino · Main grape
- ≤ 5% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in the province of Treviso · Others allowed
At least 4 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Colli di Conegliano: Refrontolo
- ≥ 95% Marzemino · Main grape
- ≤ 5% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable in the province of Treviso · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Colli di Conegliano Bianco
- ≥ 30% Manzoni Bianco · Main grape
- ≥ 30% Pinot Bianco / Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 10% Sauvignon / Riesling (Riesling renano) · Allowed
At least 4 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Colli di Conegliano: Rosso
- ≥ 10% Cabernet Franc · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Marzemino · Main grape
- 10–40% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 20% Incrocio Manzoni 2.15 / Refosco p.r. · Allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Colli di Conegliano: Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 10% Cabernet Franc · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Marzemino · Main grape
- 10–40% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 20% Incrocio Manzoni 2.15 / Refosco p.r. · Allowed
At least 36 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
33 varieties · Colli di Conegliano Torchiato di Fregona
Bianchetta Trevigiana, Bronner, Flavis, Fleurtai, Friulano, Glera Lunga, Grapariol, Helios, Incrocio Manzoni 2-3, Italica, Johanniter, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marzemina Bianca, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Palava, Perera, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Semillon, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Verduzzo Friulano, Verduzzo Trevigiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
38 varieties · Colli di Conegliano Refrontolo Passito, Colli di Conegliano: Refrontolo
Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Corbina, Fertilia, Franconia, Incrocio Manzoni 2-14, Incrocio Manzoni 2. 15, Julius, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Malbec, Manzoni Moscato, Marselan, Marzemina Grossa, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Nigra, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Prior, Prodest, Raboso Piave, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Recantina, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Regent, Syrah, Tocai Rosso, Turchetta, Wildbacher
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
controspalliera
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.4 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,581 growing degree days (Winkler II).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 155 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.4 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,581
- Region II: 1,389–1,666 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 930 mm
- Of 1,459 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 304 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 128 m; Vineyard point 2, 162 m; Vineyard point 3, 190 m; Vineyard point 4, 29 m; Vineyard point 5, 264 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. TrentinoVery similarCompared with Colli di Conegliano: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Colli Orientali del Friuli PicolitVery similarCompared with Colli di Conegliano: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Friuli Colli OrientaliVery similarCompared with Colli di Conegliano: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 304 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Colli di Conegliano · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: New plantings need 3,000 vines/ha (Bianco, Rosso) or 2,500 (Refrontolo, Torchiato), with per-vine yield caps; older vineyards have lower minimums. Grapes must be dried to at least 18% (Torchiato), 14.5% (Refrontolo) and 16% vol (Refrontolo passito); Torchiato may not be pressed before 1 February. The ageing table gives a second figure of 12 months for Rosso Riserva, 5 for Torchiato and 3 for Refrontolo passito without a clear wood/bottle column, so these are not recorded. Torchiato ranges from secco to dolce; Refrontolo needs 14.5% vol actual alcohol with at most 0.8% potential residual.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.