What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Arcole in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.3°–45.5° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 24 m to 199 m
- Production zone
- 52,093 ha
Lies within
delle Venezie
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Arcole must meet.
Blend rules
Arcole Chardonnay
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Chardonnay Frizzante
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Pinot Grigio
- ≥ 85% Pinot Grigio · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Bianco
- ≥ 50% Garganega · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Bianco Spumante o Arcole Spumante
- ≥ 50% Garganega · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Bianco Frizzante o Arcole Frizzante
- ≥ 50% Garganega · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Bianco Passito o Arcole Passito
- ≥ 50% Garganega · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Arcole Merlot
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Rosso
- ≥ 50% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 50% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Rosato
- ≥ 50% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Rosato Frizzante
- ≥ 50% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Nero
- ≥ 50% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Arcole Merlot Riserva
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Garganega
- ≥ 85% Garganega · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Blend rules
Arcole Pinot Grigio Superiore
- ≥ 85% Pinot Grigio · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes of the same colour suitable for Vicenza and Verona · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
44 varieties · 5 wines
Bianchetta Trevigiana, Bronner, Cortese, Durella, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Glera, Glera Lunga, Goldtraminer, Grapariol, Helios, Incrocio Bianco Fedit 51 C.S.G., Johanniter, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marzemina Bianca, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nosiola, Palava, Pedevenda, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Semillon, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Vespaiola, Viognier, Welschriesling
43 varieties · 4 wines
Bianchetta Trevigiana, Bronner, Cortese, Durella, Fleurtai, Friulano, Glera, Glera Lunga, Goldtraminer, Grapariol, Helios, Incrocio Bianco Fedit 51 C.S.G., Johanniter, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marzemina Bianca, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nosiola, Palava, Pedevenda, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Semillon, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Vespaiola, Viognier, Welschriesling
55 varieties · 7 wines
Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Casetta, Cavrara, Ciliegiolo, Corbina, Corvina, Corvinone, Croatina, Dindarella, Forsellina, Freisa, Gamay, Gosen, Groppello Gentile, Gruaja, Iasma Eco 1, Iasma Eco 2, Julius, Lagrein, Lambrusco a Foglia Frastagliata, Marselan, Marzemina Grossa, Marzemino, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Molinara, Negrara, Oseleta, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Prior, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Regent, Rondinella, Rossignola, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Grossa, Sennen, Spigamonti, Syrah, Teroldego, Tocai Rosso, Turchetta
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
spalliera semplice o doppia; pergola (Garganega only)
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.0 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,926 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 73 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.0 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,926
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 647 mm
- Of 1,017 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 208 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 26 m; Vineyard point 2, 40 m; Vineyard point 3, 31 m; Vineyard point 4, 244 m; Vineyard point 5, 22 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Garda Colli MantovaniVery similarCompared with Arcole: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Dalmatinska zagoraVery similarCompared with Arcole: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. LuganaVery similarCompared with Arcole: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 208 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Arcole · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Garganega and Pinot Grigio Superiore are governed by the text but not in the register list. Yields for Bianco and Rosato follow their component varieties; Rosso and Merlot grapes need 11% vol natural and 16 t/ha (the table gives Merlot 10% vol). Passito grapes are dried at least two months (not recorded, as drying_min_days needs a figure in days or weeks); Nero grapes (at least half) at least thirty days. Density minimum is 3,000 vines/ha for Garganega; enrichment is not allowed for passiti; frizzante and spumante sweetness ranges from secco/extra brut to dolce; sparkling method is any allowed by law, made in Veneto. Pinot Grigio may add up to 15% of other white musts or wines. No riserva ageing period is stated.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.