What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Squinzano in Italy
- Latitude
- 40.3°–40.6° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 14 m to 58 m
- Production zone
- 48,924 ha
Lies within
Negroamaro di Terra d'Otranto, Terra d'Otranto, Aleatico di Puglia
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Squinzano must meet.
Blend rules
Squinzano Rosso
- ≥ 70% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia nera di Brindisi, Malvasia nera di Lecce, Sangiovese and other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Rosso Novello
- ≥ 70% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia nera di Brindisi, Malvasia nera di Lecce, Sangiovese and other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 70% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia nera di Brindisi, Malvasia nera di Lecce, Sangiovese and other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Squinzano Rosato
- ≥ 70% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia nera di Brindisi, Malvasia nera di Lecce, Sangiovese and other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Rosato Spumante
- ≥ 70% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia nera di Brindisi, Malvasia nera di Lecce, Sangiovese and other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Negroamaro Rosso
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Negroamaro Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Squinzano Negroamaro Rosato
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Negroamaro Rosato Spumante
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Susumaniello Rosso
- ≥ 85% Susumaniello · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Bianco
- – Chardonnay / Malvasia bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Bianco Spumante
- – Chardonnay / Malvasia bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Chardonnay
- ≥ 90% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Chardonnay Spumante
- ≥ 90% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Malvasia Bianca
- ≥ 90% Malvasia Bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Malvasia Bianca Spumante
- ≥ 90% Malvasia Bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Fiano
- ≥ 90% Fiano · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Fiano Spumante
- ≥ 90% Fiano · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Sauvignon
- ≥ 90% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Squinzano Sauvignon Spumante
- ≥ 90% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other white grapes authorised for Salento-Arco Ionico (excluding muscats) · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
24 varieties · 5 wines
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Lacrima, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia Nera di Basilicata, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negroamaro Precoce, Notardomenico, Ottavianello, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Susumaniello, Syrah, Uva di Troia
27 varieties · 4 wines
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Lacrima, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia Nera di Basilicata, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negroamaro Precoce, Notardomenico, Ottavianello, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sangiovese, Susumaniello, Syrah, Uva di Troia
27 varieties · Squinzano Susumaniello Rosso
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Lacrima, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia Nera di Basilicata, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negro Amaro, Negroamaro Precoce, Notardomenico, Ottavianello, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sangiovese, Syrah, Uva di Troia
29 varieties · 4 wines
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Moscatello Selvatico, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Squinzano Chardonnay, Squinzano Chardonnay Spumante
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Moscatello Selvatico, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
29 varieties · Squinzano Fiano, Squinzano Fiano Spumante
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Moscatello Selvatico, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
29 varieties · Squinzano Sauvignon, Squinzano Sauvignon Spumante
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Moscatello Selvatico, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,800
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 21.8 °C, very hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,518 growing degree days (Winkler V).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 28 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 21.8 °C
- Very hot · above 21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,518
- Region V: 2,222 and over degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 310 mm
- Of 658 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 147 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 32 m; Vineyard point 2, 28 m; Vineyard point 3, 37 m; Vineyard point 4, 37 m; Vineyard point 5, 5 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ΑγχίαλοςVery similarCompared with Squinzano: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. EriceVery similarCompared with Squinzano: same season warmth, drier (−63 mm).
3. BinissalemVery similarCompared with Squinzano: same season warmth, drier (−67 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 147 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Squinzano (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The source is a poor OCR scan: the Bianco grape minimum reads 'S0%' (probably 80%) and the Rosato yield reads '1l' t/ha, so both are left null; 'Piano' is Fiano, and the riserva ageing start reads '10 novembre' (possibly 1° novembre). Spumante grapes may have 10% natural alcohol; spumante is made by bottle or tank second fermentation, from extra brut to extra dry.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.