What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Spoleto in Italy
- Latitude
- 42.6°–43.1° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 216 m to 444 m
- Production zone
- 82,445 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Spoleto must meet.
Blend rules
Spoleto Trebbiano Spoletino
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Spoletino · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white grapes authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Spoleto Trebbiano Spoletino Superiore
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Spoletino · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white grapes authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Spoleto Trebbiano Spoletino Spumante
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Spoletino · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white grapes authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Spoleto Trebbiano Spoletino Passito
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Spoletino · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white grapes authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Spoleto Bianco
- ≥ 50% Trebbiano Spoletino · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic white grapes authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
37 varieties · 5 wines
Albana, Bellone, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Grechetto, Greco, Greco Bianco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Maceratino, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Montonico Bianco, Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Passerina, Pecorino, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
400 m
Highest vineyard allowed
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.6 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,846 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 330 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.6 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,846
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 456 mm
- Of 884 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 160 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 233 m; Vineyard point 2, 410 m; Vineyard point 3, 270 m; Vineyard point 4, 369 m; Vineyard point 5, 367 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 2.2 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Grance SenesiVery similarCompared with Spoleto: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Cerasuolo d'AbruzzoVery similarCompared with Spoleto: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. PenedèsVery similarCompared with Spoleto: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 160 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Spoleto (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The spumante may be made by Charmat or classic method, so sparkling_method is null. Passito grapes are dried (unheated ventilated air allowed) to at least 14% vol natural alcohol; its sweetness is not stated. Married-tree vineyards ('piantate maritate') are limited to 50 kg per vine. Bottling must take place in the zone, with individual authorisations for listed nearby communes.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.