What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Friuli Aquileia in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.7°–46.0° N
- Vineyard altitude
- -1 m to 46 m
- Production zone
- 28,067 ha
Lies within
Friuli, Prosecco, delle Venezie
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Friuli Aquileia must meet.
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Bianco
- ≥ 50% Friulano · Main grape
- – other white varieties suitable for the zone (excluding Traminer aromatico and Muller Thurgau) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Bianco Superiore
- ≥ 50% Friulano · Main grape
- – other white varieties suitable for the zone (excluding Traminer aromatico and Muller Thurgau) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Rosso
- ≥ 50% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- – other red varieties suitable for the zone · Others allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Rosso Superiore
- ≥ 50% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- – other red varieties suitable for the zone · Others allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 50% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- – other red varieties suitable for the zone · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Novello
- ≥ 50% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- – other red varieties suitable for the zone · Others allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Novello Superiore
- ≥ 50% Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- – other red varieties suitable for the zone · Others allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
- – Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- ≤ 10% Refosco Nostrano · Allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso Superiore
- – Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- ≤ 10% Refosco Nostrano · Allowed
Blend rules
Friuli Aquileia Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso Riserva
- – Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso · Main grape
- ≤ 10% Refosco Nostrano · Allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
28 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Bianco, Friuli Aquileia Bianco Superiore
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Pinot Noir, Rebo, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
23 varieties · 5 wines
Ancellotta, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Cjanorie, Cordenossa, Forgiarin, Franconia, Gamay, Julius, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Marzemino, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Petit Verdot, Piculit-Neri, Pignolo, Pinot Noir, Rebo, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Terrano
4 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Franc, Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Franc Superiore, Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Franc Riserva
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Friulano, Friuli Aquileia Friulano Superiore
Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Riesling, Friuli Aquileia Riesling Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Sauvignon, Friuli Aquileia Sauvignon Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Verduzzo Friulano, Friuli Aquileia Verduzzo Friulano Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc
9 varieties · 6 wines
Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Pinot Grigio, Friuli Aquileia Pinot Grigio Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Traminer Aromatico, Friuli Aquileia Traminer Aromatico Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Muller Thurgau, Friuli Aquileia Muller Thurgau Frizzante, Friuli Aquileia Muller Thurgau Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
1 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Friuli Aquileia Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso Superiore, Friuli Aquileia Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso Riserva
4 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Merlot, Friuli Aquileia Merlot Superiore, Friuli Aquileia Merlot Riserva
Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
3 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Cabernet, Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Superiore, Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Riserva
4 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Sauvignon, Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Sauvignon Superiore, Friuli Aquileia Cabernet Sauvignon Riserva
Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Pinot Bianco, Friuli Aquileia Pinot Bianco Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Malvasia Istriana, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
9 varieties · Friuli Aquileia Malvasia Istriana, Friuli Aquileia Malvasia Istriana Frizzante, Friuli Aquileia Malvasia Istriana Superiore
Chardonnay, Friulano, Gewürztraminer, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verduzzo Friulano
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.2 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,756 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 21 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.2 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,756
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 858 mm
- Of 1,447 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 355 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 11 m; Vineyard point 2, 1 m; Vineyard point 3, 53 m; Vineyard point 4, 33 m; Vineyard point 5, 7 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ProseccoVery similarCompared with Friuli Aquileia: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. VicenzaVery similarCompared with Friuli Aquileia: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. delle VenezieVery similarCompared with Friuli Aquileia: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 355 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Friuli Aquileia · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Varietal wines must come from the named variety, with up to 15% correction by volume with same-colour wines of the DOC; no grape yield is stated for Bianco, Rosso, Rosato or Novello, nor a natural alcohol for their superiore versions. Riserva needs two years' ageing in wood or other containers. Frizzanti get their CO2 only from natural fermentation in a closed vessel. Verduzzo may be dry, amabile or dolce.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.