What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Colli di Luni in Italy
- Latitude
- 44.0°–44.3° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 10 m to 241 m
- Production zone
- 46,399 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Colli di Luni must meet.
Blend rules
Colli di Luni Bianco
- ≥ 35% Vermentino · Main grape
- 25–40% Trebbiano Toscano · Allowed
- ≤ 30% altri vitigni a bacca di colore analogo idonei in Toscana e Liguria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli di Luni Vermentino
- ≥ 90% Vermentino · Main grape
- ≤ 10% altri vitigni a bacca di colore analogo idonei in Toscana e Liguria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli di Luni Vermentino Superiore
- ≥ 90% Vermentino · Main grape
- ≤ 10% altri vitigni a bacca di colore analogo idonei in Toscana e Liguria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli di Luni Albarola
- ≥ 85% Albarola · Main grape
- ≤ 15% altri vitigni a bacca di colore analogo idonei in Toscana e Liguria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli di Luni Rosso
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% altri vitigni a bacca di colore analogo idonei in Toscana e Liguria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Colli di Luni Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% altri vitigni a bacca di colore analogo idonei in Toscana e Liguria · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
41 varieties · Colli di Luni Bianco
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Bianchetta Genovese, Biancone, Bosco, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Lumassina, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pigato, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Rollo, Rossese Bianco, Roussanne, Ruzzese, Sauvignon Blanc, Scimiscia', Semillon, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
42 varieties · Colli di Luni Vermentino, Colli di Luni Vermentino Superiore
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Bianchetta Genovese, Biancone, Bosco, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Lumassina, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pigato, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Rollo, Rossese Bianco, Roussanne, Ruzzese, Sauvignon Blanc, Scimiscia', Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
42 varieties · Colli di Luni Albarola
Albana, Ansonica, Bianchetta Genovese, Biancone, Bosco, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Lumassina, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pigato, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Rollo, Rossese Bianco, Roussanne, Ruzzese, Sauvignon Blanc, Scimiscia', Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
57 varieties · Colli di Luni Rosso, Colli di Luni Rosso Riserva
Albarossa, Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Dolcetto, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Rossese, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.0 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,718 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 188 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.0 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,718
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 715 mm
- Of 1,417 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 328 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 30 m; Vineyard point 2, 109 m; Vineyard point 3, 416 m; Vineyard point 4, 42 m; Vineyard point 5, 344 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 2.2 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Ruchè di Castagnole MonferratoVery similarCompared with Colli di Luni: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Muškat momjanskiVery similarCompared with Colli di Luni: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Recioto di SoaveVery similarCompared with Colli di Luni: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 328 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Colli di Luni · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Wine yield max 70% (no hl/ha figure); bottling must also take place in the zone. Riserva (red only) needs at least two years' ageing from 1 November of the harvest year; wood may be used for fermentation and ageing but is not required.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.