What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Bianco di Custoza in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.3°–45.5° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 85 m to 169 m
- Production zone
- 35,247 ha
Lies within
Garda, delle Venezie
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Bianco di Custoza must meet.
Blend rules
Bianco di Custoza/Custoza
- ≥ 70% Bianca Fernanda (Cortese) / Garganega / Trebbiano toscano / Tocai Friulano · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia / Riesling (italico or renano) / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay / Incrocio Manzoni 6.0.13 · Allowed
; release from 1 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Bianco di Custoza Superiore/Custoza Superiore
- ≥ 70% Bianca Fernanda (Cortese) / Garganega / Trebbiano toscano / Tocai Friulano · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia / Riesling (italico or renano) / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay / Incrocio Manzoni 6.0.13 · Allowed
At least 5 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Bianco di Custoza Passito/Custoza Passito
- ≥ 70% Bianca Fernanda (Cortese) / Garganega / Trebbiano toscano / Tocai Friulano · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia / Riesling (italico or renano) / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay / Incrocio Manzoni 6.0.13 · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Bianco di Custoza Spumante/Custoza Spumante
- ≥ 70% Bianca Fernanda (Cortese) / Garganega / Trebbiano toscano / Tocai Friulano · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia / Riesling (italico or renano) / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay / Incrocio Manzoni 6.0.13 · Allowed
Blend rules
Bianco di Custoza/Custoza Riserva
- ≥ 70% Bianca Fernanda (Cortese) / Garganega / Trebbiano toscano / Tocai Friulano · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Malvasia / Riesling (italico or renano) / Pinot bianco / Chardonnay / Incrocio Manzoni 6.0.13 · Allowed
At least 12 months' ageing.
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.2 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,972 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 79 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.2 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,972
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 626 mm
- Of 980 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 202 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 113 m; Vineyard point 2, 50 m; Vineyard point 3, 72 m; Vineyard point 4, 101 m; Vineyard point 5, 61 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Colli EuganeiVery similarCompared with Bianco di Custoza: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. ReggianoVery similarCompared with Bianco di Custoza: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. ModenaVery similarCompared with Bianco di Custoza: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 202 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Bianco di Custoza · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Each principal variety is capped at 45%. Spumante may be tank (Martinotti) or bottle-fermented, from dosaggio zero to demi-sec; passito ranges from amabile to dolce, and its natural alcohol minimum applies after drying. The register names use 'Bianco di Custoza' but the current text uses only 'Custoza'.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.