What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Bardolino Superiore in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.4°–45.7° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 99 m to 226 m
- Production zone
- 40,713 ha
Lies within
Bardolino, Garda, delle Venezie
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Bardolino Superiore must meet.
Blend rules
Bardolino Superiore
- 35–80% Corvina veronese · Main grape
- 10–40% Rondinella · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Molinara · Allowed
- ≤ 20% altri vitigni a bacca rossa non aromatici ammessi in provincia di Verona · Others allowed
At least 12 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Bardolino Superiore Classico
- 35–80% Corvina veronese · Main grape
- 10–40% Rondinella · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Molinara · Allowed
- ≤ 20% altri vitigni a bacca rossa non aromatici ammessi in provincia di Verona · Others allowed
At least 12 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
45 varieties · Bardolino Superiore, Bardolino Superiore Classico
Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Casetta, Corbina, Croatina, Dindarella, Forsellina, Gamay, Gosen, Iasma Eco 1, Iasma Eco 2, Julius, Lagrein, Lambrusco a Foglia Frastagliata, Marselan, Marzemina Grossa, Marzemino, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Merlot Khorus, Negrara, Oseleta, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Prior, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Regent, Rossignola, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Grossa, Sennen, Spigamonti, Syrah, Teroldego, Turchetta
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,300
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
spalliere semplici e doppie
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.0 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,923 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 147 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.0 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,923
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 691 mm
- Of 1,068 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 218 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 148 m; Vineyard point 2, 293 m; Vineyard point 3, 95 m; Vineyard point 4, 67 m; Vineyard point 5, 133 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Riviera del BrentaVery similarCompared with Bardolino Superiore: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. ArcoleVery similarCompared with Bardolino Superiore: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Val PolcèveraVery similarCompared with Bardolino Superiore: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 218 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Bardolino Superiore · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Training and density rules apply to plantings after the specification; older Bardolino vineyards had a 15-year transition, with flat Veronese pergolas limited to 60,000 buds/ha. Grapes only from the fourth year after planting. Corvinone may replace up to 20% of the Corvina; other varieties max 10% each. Winemaking and ageing in the zone, though the province of Verona is also allowed, so vinification_in_zone_required is left null; Classico in the classico zone with authorised exceptions. Wine yield max 70% (no hl/ha figure).
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.