What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Szekszárd in Hungary
- Latitude
- 46.1°–46.5° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 98 m to 247 m
- Production zone
- 62,173 ha
Lies within
Pannon
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Szekszárd must meet.
Blend rules
Szekszárdi Bikavér
- ≥ 40% Kadarka / Kékfrankos · Main grape
- ≤ 10% Blauburger, Menoire, Syrah, Zweigelt, Bíborkadarka, Alibernet, Turán, Tannat, Sagrantino · Allowed
- – 16 varieties listed for Bikavér · Others allowed
; release from 31 December of the year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
38 varieties ·
Alibernet, Blauburger, Bíbor Kadarka, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Cserszegi Füszeres, Ezerfürtü, Hárslevelü, Irsai Oliver, Kadarka, Királyleányka, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó, Leányka, Menoire, Merlot, Olasz Rizling, Ottonel Muskotály, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Rajnai Rizling, Rizlingszilváni, Sagrantino, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah, Szürkebarát, Sárga Muskotály, Tannat, Tramini, Turán, Viognier, Zefir, Zenit, Zweigelt, Zöld Szagos, Zöld Szilváni, Zöld Veltelíni
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,300
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
bakművelés (gobelet); fejművelés (head); alacsony és középmagas kordon (low and medium-high cordon); ernyő (umbrella); Sylvoz; Guyot
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.5 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,622 growing degree days (Winkler II).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 147 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.5 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,622
- Region II: 1,389–1,666 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 444 mm
- Of 692 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 124 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 247 m; Vineyard point 2, 118 m; Vineyard point 3, 152 m; Vineyard point 4, 93 m; Vineyard point 5, 126 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Côtes de BlayeVery similarCompared with Szekszárd: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. BlayeVery similarCompared with Szekszárd: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Puisseguin Saint-EmilionVery similarCompared with Szekszárd: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 124 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Product specification: Szekszárd (SZEKSZARD_termekleiras.pdf) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Bikavér must be a blend of at least three varieties, aged at least one year in wooden casks, may not be sweetened, is sold in glass bottles only and not before 31 December of the year after harvest. Maximum yield is 100 hl/ha of new wine on lees (140 q/ha grapes) for all types. Acidity range is 4.6–10.0 g/l. Batch presses are compulsory; grapes may also be processed in listed settlements in Bács-Kiskun, Baranya, Fejér, Somogy and Tolna counties. Density, spacing (rows 1–3.5 m, vines 0.6–1.2 m) and training rules apply to vineyards planted after 31 July 2009. Village names need 85 % and vineyard (dűlő) names 95 % of grapes from that unit; 'öreg tőkék bora' needs 85 % from vines over 40 years old.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.