What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Σάμος in Greece
- Latitude
- 37.6°–37.8° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 12 m to 869 m
- Production zone
- 34,635 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Σάμος must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
1 varieties · 4 wines
Moschato Aspro
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
Training
Systems allowed
κυπελλοειδή (goblet)
Prohibited
Irrigation
Not allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 20.3 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,208 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 257 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 20.3 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,208
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 176 mm
- Of 975 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 96 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 249 m; Vineyard point 2, 223 m; Vineyard point 3, 12 m; Vineyard point 4, 142 m; Vineyard point 5, 657 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 2.9 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. PortimãoVery similarCompared with Σάμος: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. RiesiVery similarCompared with Σάμος: same season warmth, wetter (+20 mm).
3. ValdeorrasVery similarCompared with Σάμος: same season warmth, wetter (+31 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 96 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Product specification: Σάμος (Τροποποίηση της Προδιαγραφής ΠΟΠ Σάμος.doc) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: 100% white Muscat (Moschato lefko). Grape yields 10,000 kg/ha (80 hl/ha must), Grand Cru 5,300 kg/ha (40 hl/ha must). Wine yield table gives ranges (Vin Doux 88.88-95.37, VDN 78.75-82.5, Grand Cru 42-44 hl/ha; the naturally sweet wine '63 MIN - 47 MAX' is ambiguous and left null). Naturally sweet wine is from sun- or shade-dried grapes (natural alcohol 14.8% vol before drying, 17.6% after) with no additions. Vin Doux may age five years in oak (optional). Vines over three years from grafting.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.