What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Málaga in Spain
- Latitude
- 36.3°–37.3° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 413 m to 738 m
- Production zone
- 500,407 ha
Covers the same area as
Sierras de Málaga
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Málaga must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
3 varieties · Málaga Vino de licor
Doradilla, Lairén, Rome
7 varieties · 4 wines
Airén, Doradilla, Lairén, Moscatel de Alejandria, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Pedro Ximénez, Rome
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 20.7 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,290 growing degree days (Winkler V).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 397 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 20.7 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,290
- Region V: 2,222 and over degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 214 mm
- Of 560 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 101 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 474 m; Vineyard point 2, 503 m; Vineyard point 3, 483 m; Vineyard point 4, 88 m; Vineyard point 5, 439 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Ribera del GuadianaVery similarCompared with Málaga: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Sardegna SemidanoVery similarCompared with Málaga: same season warmth, wetter (+23 mm).
3. CagliariVery similarCompared with Málaga: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 101 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Technical file: Málaga (Ares(2014)2132524) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Source is the 2014 technical file (single document); the analytical table's layout is broken, so the alcohol figures are read as minimum acquired strength. Liqueur wines may be dry or sweet (Dulce Natural, Maestro, Tierno base wines); the 6 months in oak excludes Pálido, and Noble, Añejo and Trasañejo denote longer ageing set in the pliego. Vino Naturalmente Dulce uses overripe Pedro Ximénez and/or Moscatel with musts above 300 g/l sugar; ageing must take place in the production zone in oak (criaderas y soleras allowed).
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.