What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Dehesa Peñalba in Spain
- Latitude
- 41.6°–41.7° N
- Production zone
- 5,104 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Dehesa Peñalba must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
4 varieties · Dehesa Peñalba (wine), Dehesa Peñalba young red wines, Dehesa Peñalba aged red wines
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
trellis
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.1 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,533 growing degree days (Winkler II).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 777 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.1 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,533
- Region II: 1,389–1,666 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 273 mm
- Of 522 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 95 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 1 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 777 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:No vineyards are mapped here yet, so this is the climate at one point in the middle of the zone, which may not be where the vines are. Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 0.1 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Valles de BenaventeVery similarCompared with Dehesa Peñalba: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Ribera del DueroVery similarCompared with Dehesa Peñalba: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. UrueñaVery similarCompared with Dehesa Peñalba: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 95 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- Product specification: Dehesa Peñalba
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Aged wines spend 12–24 months in 225-litre oak if monovarietal and 6–24 months in barrels or vats if multivarietal. Grapes are hand-picked and chilled, cold-soaked for 5–8 days, macerated for at least 21 days and kept on lees for at least 15 days before malolactic fermentation; fermentation is spontaneous. The area is a single 91-hectare estate in Villabáñez (Valladolid); Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva may be used under general Spanish rules.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.