What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Torgiano in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.0°–43.1° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 176 m to 292 m
- Production zone
- 3,762 ha
Covers the same area as
Torgiano Rosso Riserva
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Torgiano must meet.
Blend rules
Bianco di Torgiano
- 20–70% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 80% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Rosso di Torgiano
- 50–100% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Rosato di Torgiano
- 50–100% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic red varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Merlot di Torgiano
- 85–100% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Chardonnay di Torgiano
- 85–100% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Pinot Grigio di Torgiano
- 85–100% Pinot Grigio · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Riesling Italico di Torgiano
- 85–100% Riesling bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Cabernet Sauvignon di Torgiano
- 85–100% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Pinot Nero di Torgiano
- 85–100% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Torgiano Spumante
- ≥ 70% Chardonnay / Pinot grigio / Pinot nero / Vermentino / Grechetto · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Torgiano Spumante Rosè
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic white and/or red varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Torgiano Vendemmia Tardiva
- ≥ 50% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
Blend rules
Torgiano Vin Santo
- 20–70% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 10% Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 80% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Umbria · Others allowed
At least 36 months' ageing; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
37 varieties · Bianco di Torgiano, Torgiano Vin Santo
Albana, Bellone, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Grechetto, Greco, Greco Bianco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Maceratino, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Montonico Bianco, Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Passerina, Pecorino, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Spoletino, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
38 varieties · Rosso di Torgiano, Rosato di Torgiano
Aglianico, Alicante, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Dolcetto, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Gamay, Grechetto Rosso, Grero, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbec, Malvasia, Mammolo, Marselan, Merlot, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Prugnolo Gentile, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Syrah, Tannat, Teroldego, Vernaccia Nera
38 varieties · Merlot di Torgiano
Aglianico, Alicante, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Dolcetto, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Gamay, Grechetto Rosso, Grero, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbec, Malvasia, Mammolo, Marselan, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Prugnolo Gentile, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Teroldego, Vernaccia Nera
38 varieties · Chardonnay di Torgiano, Pinot Grigio di Torgiano, Torgiano Vendemmia Tardiva
Albana, Bellone, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Grechetto, Greco, Greco Bianco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Maceratino, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Montonico Bianco, Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Passerina, Pecorino, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Spoletino, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
37 varieties · Riesling Italico di Torgiano
Albana, Bellone, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Grechetto, Greco, Greco Bianco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Maceratino, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Montonico Bianco, Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Passerina, Pecorino, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Spoletino, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier
38 varieties · Cabernet Sauvignon di Torgiano
Aglianico, Alicante, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Dolcetto, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Gamay, Grechetto Rosso, Grero, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbec, Malvasia, Mammolo, Marselan, Merlot, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Prugnolo Gentile, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Teroldego, Vernaccia Nera
38 varieties · Pinot Nero di Torgiano
Aglianico, Alicante, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Dolcetto, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Gamay, Grechetto Rosso, Grero, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbec, Malvasia, Mammolo, Marselan, Merlot, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Petit Verdot, Primitivo, Prugnolo Gentile, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Syrah, Tannat, Teroldego, Vernaccia Nera
36 varieties · Torgiano Spumante
Albana, Bellone, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Maceratino, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Montonico Bianco, Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Passerina, Pecorino, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Spoletino, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
76 varieties · Torgiano Spumante Rosè
Aglianico, Albana, Alicante, Barbera, Bellone, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Canaiolo Bianco, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Dolcetto, Falanghina, Fiano, Foglia Tonda, Friulano, Gaglioppo, Gamay, Garganega, Grechetto, Grechetto Rosso, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grero, Incrocio Bruni 54, Lacrima, Maceratino, Maiolica, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Mammolo, Manzoni Bianco, Marselan, Merlot, Montepulciano, Montonico Bianco, Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nebbiolo, Passerina, Pecorino, Petit Verdot, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Prugnolo Gentile, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Riesling, Sagrantino, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Syrah, Tannat, Teroldego, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Spoletino, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia Nera, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.0 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,926 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 209 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.0 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,926
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 463 mm
- Of 871 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 182 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 194 m; Vineyard point 2, 175 m; Vineyard point 3, 214 m; Vineyard point 4, 292 m; Vineyard point 5, 172 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Brunello di MontalcinoVery similarCompared with Torgiano: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Muscat de MirevalVery similarCompared with Torgiano: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Muscat de FrontignanVery similarCompared with Torgiano: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 182 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Torgiano (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vinification may also take place in neighbouring communes; sparkling wines are made by the traditional method with at least two years on the lees and are labelled from dosage zero to extra dry. Wood ageing of at least six months for Rosso, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Nero may take place in Umbria and neighbouring regions; the Riesling Italico is made from 'Riesling bianco' per Art. 2. Vin Santo must have at least 3% vol potential alcohol remaining.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.