What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Muscat de Frontignan in France
- Latitude
- 43.4°–43.5° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 1 m to 51 m
- Delimited vineyard land
- 2,010 ha
The delimited vineyard parcels themselves, so the shape is patchy: only land within them may grow the wine. Boundary: INAO parcel delimitation (Licence Ouverte); nearby parcels drawn as one block, with less detail for larger appellations. Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Muscat de Frontignan must meet.
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Permitted
Irrigation
Not allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.0 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,928 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 24 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.0 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,928
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 468 mm
- Of 869 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 252 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 16 m; Vineyard point 2, 32 m; Vineyard point 3, 3 m; Vineyard point 4, 5 m; Vineyard point 5, 66 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Moscadello di MontalcinoVery similarCompared with Muscat de Frontignan: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Brunello di MontalcinoVery similarCompared with Muscat de Frontignan: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Torgiano Rosso RiservaVery similarCompared with Muscat de Frontignan: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 252 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Cahier des charges: Muscat de Frontignan (Cahier des charges de l'appellation d'origine protégée Muscat de Frontignan - BO n°25 du 18 juin 2026) · Ministère de l'Agriculture (Bulletin officiel), as linked by INAO · Official act
- Délimitation parcellaire des AOC viticoles de l'INAO · Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO), via data.gouv.fr · Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Also sold as 'Frontignan' or 'Vin de Frontignan'. The first two products are white and red vins doux naturels (muted with 5–10% neutral grape spirit during fermentation); the vin de liqueur products are muted before any fermentation (up to 15% spirit) and are not listed separately in the register. Yields are in hectolitres of must; irrigated parcels limited to 4500 kg/ha; pruning to at most 6 spurs per vine (no named training system).
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.