What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
San Ginesio in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.0°–43.2° N
- Production zone
- 24,664 ha
Lies within
Colli Maceratesi, Rosso Piceno
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled San Ginesio must meet.
Blend rules
San Ginesio Spumante Secco
- ≥ 85% Vernaccia Nera · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic black grapes · Others allowed
Blend rules
San Ginesio Spumante Dolce
- ≥ 85% Vernaccia Nera · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic black grapes · Others allowed
Blend rules
San Ginesio Rosso
- ≥ 50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≥ 35% Vernaccia Nera / Cabernet Sauvignon / Cabernet Franc / Merlot / Ciliegiolo · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable for the Marche · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
26 varieties · San Ginesio Spumante Secco, San Ginesio Spumante Dolce
Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbo Gentile, Merlot, Montepulciano, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Syrah, Teroldego, Terrano, Vernaccia Nera Grossa
21 varieties · San Ginesio Rosso
Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gaglioppo, Lacrima, Maiolica, Malbo Gentile, Montepulciano, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sagrantino, Syrah, Teroldego, Terrano, Vernaccia Nera Grossa
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.9 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,689 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 430 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.9 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,689
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 550 mm
- Of 972 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 155 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 2 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 346 m; Vineyard point 2, 514 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Pla de BagesVery similarCompared with San Ginesio: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. FaugèresVery similarCompared with San Ginesio: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. МонтанаVery similarCompared with San Ginesio: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 155 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- Disciplinare di produzione: San Ginesio (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The tendone pergola is prohibited. Spumante may be made within 2.5 km of the zone (or 35 km by ministerial authorisation); the sparkling method is not stated. Spumante secco has 17-35 g/l residual sugar, so its sweetness is left null; sweetening of the rosso is authorised.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.