What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Primitivo di Manduria in Italy
- Latitude
- 40.3°–40.6° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 17 m to 92 m
- Production zone
- 98,496 ha
Lies within
Negroamaro di Terra d'Otranto, Terra d'Otranto, Aleatico di Puglia
Covers the same area as
Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale
Contains 1 appellation (outlined on the zone map)
Lizzano
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Primitivo di Manduria must meet.
Blend rules
Primitivo di Manduria
- ≥ 85% Primitivo · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties suitable for Taranto and Brindisi · Others allowed
; release from 31 March after the harvest.
Blend rules
Primitivo di Manduria Riserva
- ≥ 85% Primitivo · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red varieties suitable for Taranto and Brindisi · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from two years after 31 March following the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
27 varieties · Primitivo di Manduria, Primitivo di Manduria Riserva
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Lacrima, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia Nera di Basilicata, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negro Amaro, Negroamaro Precoce, Notardomenico, Ottavianello, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sangiovese, Susumaniello, Syrah, Uva di Troia
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
alberello pugliese; controspalliera (Guyot or cordone speronato)
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Not allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 21.5 °C, very hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,454 growing degree days (Winkler V).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 64 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 21.5 °C
- Very hot · above 21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,454
- Region V: 2,222 and over degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 279 mm
- Of 614 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 136 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 73 m; Vineyard point 2, 22 m; Vineyard point 3, 85 m; Vineyard point 4, 116 m; Vineyard point 5, 26 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. SalaparutaVery similarCompared with Primitivo di Manduria: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. GalatinaVery similarCompared with Primitivo di Manduria: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. MatinoVery similarCompared with Primitivo di Manduria: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 136 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Primitivo di Manduria (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Both types may be dry to abboccato (up to 18 g/l residual sugar), so sweetness is not recorded. Grapes may be partly dried; only first-crop bunches may be used (no 'femminelle'), and the fruiting cane must be no higher than 1 m.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.