What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Parrina in Italy
- Latitude
- 42.4°–42.6° N
- Production zone
- 22,685 ha
Lies within
Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario, Capalbio, Maremma toscana
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Parrina must meet.
Blend rules
Parrina Rosso
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- – other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 March of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Parrina Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- – other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Parrina Rosato
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- – other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 March of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Parrina Bianco
- 10–30% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- 30–50% Ansonica · Main grape
- 20–40% Vermentino · Main grape
- ≤ 20% Chardonnay / Sauvignon · Allowed
- – other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 31 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Parrina Vin Santo
- 10–30% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- 30–50% Ansonica · Main grape
- 20–40% Vermentino · Main grape
- ≤ 20% Chardonnay / Sauvignon · Allowed
- – other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Parrina Vermentino
- ≥ 85% Vermentino · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 31 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Parrina Chardonnay
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 31 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Parrina Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Sauvignon Blanc · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Moscato bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 31 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Parrina Sangiovese
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 March of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Parrina Sangiovese Riserva
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Parrina Cabernet Sauvignon
- ≥ 85% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 March of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Parrina Merlot
- ≥ 85% Merlot · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes suitable in Toscana (excluding Aleatico) · Others allowed
; release from 1 March of the year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
54 varieties · 5 wines
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
30 varieties · Parrina Bianco, Parrina Vin Santo
Albana, Albarola, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Semillon, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
33 varieties · Parrina Vermentino
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
34 varieties · Parrina Chardonnay
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
33 varieties · Parrina Sauvignon
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
54 varieties · Parrina Cabernet Sauvignon
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · Parrina Merlot
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,300
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 20.3 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,204 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 3 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 20.3 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,204
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 382 mm
- Of 840 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 205 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 1 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 3 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:No vineyards are mapped here yet, so this is the climate at one point in the middle of the zone, which may not be where the vines are. Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 0.4 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ΝάουσαVery similarCompared with Parrina: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. ΓουμένισσαVery similarCompared with Parrina: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Muscat du Cap CorseVery similarCompared with Parrina: same season warmth, drier (−44 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 205 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- Disciplinare di produzione: Parrina (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vin Santo grapes are dried and pressed between 1 December and 31 March to at least 26.6% sugar; its sweetness is not stated and no natural alcohol minimum is given for it. Vineyards must be on hills or foothills; vinification is also allowed anywhere in Orbetello and Capalbio.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.