What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Nettuno in Italy
- Latitude
- 41.4°–41.5° N
- Production zone
- 11,498 ha
Lies within
Roma
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Nettuno must meet.
Blend rules
Nettuno Rosso
- 30–70% Merlot · Main grape
- 30–50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other red grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Rosato
- ≥ 40% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≥ 40% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Rosato Frizzante
- ≥ 40% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≥ 40% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Novello
- 30–70% Merlot · Main grape
- 30–50% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other red grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Bianco
- 30–70% Bellone (Cacchione) · Main grape
- 30–50% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other white grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Bianco Frizzante
- 30–70% Bellone (Cacchione) · Main grape
- 30–50% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other white grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Bianco Bellone
- ≥ 85% Bellone (Cacchione) · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Blend rules
Nettuno Bianco Bellone Frizzante
- ≥ 85% Bellone (Cacchione) · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other grapes authorised for Lazio · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
29 varieties · Nettuno Rosso, Nettuno Novello
Abbuoto, Aglianico, Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Cesenese Nero, Ciliegiolo, Grechetto Rosso, Lambrusco Maestri, Lecinaro, Montepulciano, Nero Buono, Olivella Nera, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Sciascinoso, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo
30 varieties · Nettuno Rosato, Nettuno Rosato Frizzante
Abbuoto, Aglianico, Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Carignan, Cesanese Comune, Cesanese D Affile, Cesenese Nero, Ciliegiolo, Grechetto Rosso, Lambrusco Maestri, Lecinaro, Merlot, Montepulciano, Nero Buono, Olivella Nera, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Sciascinoso, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo
38 varieties · Nettuno Bianco, Nettuno Bianco Frizzante
Biancolella, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Capolongo, Falanghina, Fiano, Forastera, Friulano, Grechetto, Greco, Greco Bianco, Guarnaccia, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Maturano, Montonico Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Moscato di Terracina, Mostosa, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanaro, Passerina, Pecorino, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano di Soave, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
39 varieties · Nettuno Bianco Bellone, Nettuno Bianco Bellone Frizzante
Biancolella, Bombino Bianco, Canaiolo Bianco, Capolongo, Falanghina, Fiano, Forastera, Friulano, Grechetto, Greco, Greco Bianco, Guarnaccia, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Manzoni Bianco, Maturano, Montonico Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Moscato di Terracina, Mostosa, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanaro, Passerina, Pecorino, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 20.5 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,245 growing degree days (Winkler V).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 15 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 20.5 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,245
- Region V: 2,222 and over degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 427 mm
- Of 975 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 230 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 1 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 15 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:No vineyards are mapped here yet, so this is the climate at one point in the middle of the zone, which may not be where the vines are. Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 0.2 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ХърсовоVery similarCompared with Nettuno: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. СанданскиVery similarCompared with Nettuno: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. AversaVery similarCompared with Nettuno: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 230 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- Disciplinare di produzione: Nettuno · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The ministry may allow established wineries elsewhere in the province of Roma to vinify. Sweetness of the frizzante types is not stated.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.