What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Leverano in Italy
- Latitude
- 40.3°–40.3° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 36 m to 42 m
- Production zone
- 4,884 ha
Lies within
Terra d'Otranto, Negroamaro di Terra d'Otranto, Aleatico di Puglia
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Leverano must meet.
Blend rules
Leverano Rosso
- ≥ 50% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Malvasia nera di Lecce / Montepulciano / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 30% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 50% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Malvasia nera di Lecce / Montepulciano / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 30% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Leverano Rosso Novello
- ≥ 50% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Malvasia nera di Lecce / Montepulciano / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 30% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Rosato
- ≥ 50% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Malvasia nera di Lecce / Montepulciano / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 30% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Bianco
- ≥ 50% Malvasia Bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Vermentino · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico), excluding Moscato bianco and Moscatello selvatico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Bianco Passito
- ≥ 50% Malvasia Bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Vermentino · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico), excluding Moscato bianco and Moscatello selvatico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Bianco Dolce Naturale
- ≥ 50% Malvasia Bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 40% Vermentino · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico), excluding Moscato bianco and Moscatello selvatico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Malvasia Bianca
- ≥ 85% Malvasia Bianca · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico), excluding Moscato bianco and Moscatello selvatico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Chardonnay
- ≥ 85% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico), excluding Moscato bianco and Moscatello selvatico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Fiano
- ≥ 85% Fiano · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico), excluding Moscato bianco and Moscatello selvatico · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Negroamaro Rosso
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Negroamaro Rosato
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
Blend rules
Leverano Negroamaro Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 85% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Leverano Negroamaro Rosso Superiore
- ≥ 90% Negroamaro · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other black grapes authorised in Puglia (Salento-Arco Ionico) · Others allowed
At least 12 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
24 varieties · 4 wines
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Lacrima, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia Nera di Basilicata, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Merlot, Negroamaro Precoce, Notardomenico, Ottavianello, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Susumaniello, Syrah, Uva di Troia
27 varieties · Leverano Malvasia Bianca
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
30 varieties · Leverano Chardonnay
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Fiano, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Moscatello Selvatico, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
27 varieties · Leverano Fiano
Asprinio Bianco, Bianco d'Alessano, Bombino Bianco, Falanghina, Francavidda, Garganega, Greco, Greco Bianco, Grillo, Malvasia Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Manzoni Bianco, Maresco, Minutolo, Pampanuto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sylvaner, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Welschriesling
27 varieties · 4 wines
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Barbera, Bombino Nero, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Lacrima, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia Nera di Basilicata, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negroamaro Precoce, Notardomenico, Ottavianello, Petit Verdot, Piedirosso, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sangiovese, Susumaniello, Syrah, Uva di Troia
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 21.8 °C, very hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,521 growing degree days (Winkler V).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 40 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 21.8 °C
- Very hot · above 21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,521
- Region V: 2,222 and over degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 306 mm
- Of 659 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 150 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 39 m; Vineyard point 2, 40 m; Vineyard point 3, 42 m; Vineyard point 4, 44 m; Vineyard point 5, 37 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ΑγχίαλοςVery similarCompared with Leverano: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. BrindisiVery similarCompared with Leverano: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. EriceVery similarCompared with Leverano: same season warmth, drier (−59 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 150 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Leverano · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The yield table has no rows for the riserva types; they are given the Rosso and Negroamaro Rosso rows. The Rosso Novello lists two conflicting residual sugar maxima (6.0 and 10.0 g/l), left null; it uses 50% carbonic maceration. The passito may be amabile or sweet and the dolce naturale's taste has no sweetness word, so both are left null. Sweetening is permitted.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.