Ghemme

What is made here

Wine colours

The only colour the rules allow.

Where it is

Ghemme in Italy

Latitude: 45.6°–45.7° N
Vineyard altitude: 250 m to 331 m
Production zone: 3,866 ha

Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.

Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.

01 · What the law says

The rules

Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Ghemme must meet.

2 wines in the rules.
Wine	Main grape(s)	Max yield t/ha	With named unit t/ha	Max wine hl/ha	Wine from grapes max. %	Grape ripeness min. % pot. alc.	Wine min. % alc.	Acidity min. g/l	Dry extract min. g/l	Ageing min. months	In wood min. months
Ghemme	Nebbiolo (Spanna)	8	7.2	56	70	12	12	4.5	23	34	18
Ghemme Riserva	Nebbiolo (Spanna)	8	7.2	56	70	12.5	12.5	4.5	24	46	24

From the official production rules (disciplinare di produzione). Hover a figure to see the clause it comes from. A dash means the rules set no figure, or it is not captured yet.

Blend rules

– Nebbiolo (Spanna) · Main grape
≤ 15% Vespolina / Uva Rara · Allowed

At least 34 months' ageing; release from 1 September of the third year after the harvest.

Blend rules

Ghemme Riserva

– Nebbiolo (Spanna) · Main grape
≤ 15% Vespolina / Uva Rara · Allowed

At least 46 months' ageing; release from 1 September of the fourth year after the harvest.

In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine

3,000

Vines per hectare, minimum

220–400 m

Vineyard altitude allowed

No forcing

Forcing the vines is prohibited

Prohibited

Irrigation

Cellar

Where the wine must be made

Within the production zone

02 · Climate fingerprint

The climate

The growing season averages 16.4 °C, intermediate on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,388 growing degree days (Winkler Ib).

The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 305 m

Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season

Growing-season temperature: 16.4 °C; Intermediate · 15–17 °C (Jones)
Growing degree days: 1,388; Region Ib: 1,111–1,388 degree days
Growing-season rain: 1,097 mm; Of 1,652 mm a year
Harvest rain: 372 mm; September–October

Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 308 m; Vineyard point 2, 279 m; Vineyard point 3, 334 m; Vineyard point 4, 302 m; Vineyard point 5, 303 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.

Closest climates in the database

Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.

1. RamandoloVery similarCompared with Ghemme: same season warmth, similar rain.

2. PiemonteVery similarCompared with Ghemme: same season warmth, similar rain.

3. SeysselVery similarCompared with Ghemme: same season warmth, drier (−132 mm).

Growing-season temperature

Ghemme

16.4 °C

Ramandolo

16.4 °C

Piemonte

16.3 °C

Seyssel

16.5 °C

Growing degree days

Ghemme

1,388

Ramandolo

1,372

Piemonte

1,363

Seyssel

1,399

Growing-season rain

Ghemme

1,097 mm

Ramandolo

1,030 mm

Piemonte

1,026 mm

Seyssel

965 mm

03 · Year by year

35 vintages

Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.

Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 372 mm

2025

Growing-season temp.
Growing degree days
Harvest rain
Growing-season rain
September nights
Hot days and frosts

Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.

04 · Where the numbers come from

Sources

A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
Disciplinare di produzione: Ghemme · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method

Still to check (3)

Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
From the specification: Grape-to-wine yield is 70% at vinification and 68% at the end of compulsory ageing. Vigna wines need 12.50% natural potential alcohol and vines at least 7 years old; vinification zone covers listed communes in Novara, Vercelli and Biella provinces.
National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.