What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Gattinara in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.6°–45.6° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 297 m to 400 m
- Production zone
- 3,370 ha
Lies within
Coste della Sesia, Piemonte
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Gattinara must meet.
Blend rules
Gattinara
- 90–100% Nebbiolo (Spanna) · Main grape
- ≤ 4% Vespolina · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Vespolina / Uva Rara · Allowed
At least 35 months' ageing; release from 1 October of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Gattinara Riserva
- 90–100% Nebbiolo (Spanna) · Main grape
- ≤ 4% Vespolina · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Vespolina / Uva Rara · Allowed
At least 47 months' ageing; release from 1 October of the fourth year after the harvest.
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
250–550 m
Vineyard altitude allowed
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Prohibited
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 16.3 °C, intermediate on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,354 growing degree days (Winkler Ib).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 333 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 16.3 °C
- Intermediate · 15–17 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,354
- Region Ib: 1,111–1,388 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 1,135 mm
- Of 1,700 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 382 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 377 m; Vineyard point 2, 308 m; Vineyard point 3, 388 m; Vineyard point 4, 297 m; Vineyard point 5, 293 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. RamandoloVery similarCompared with Gattinara: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. PiemonteVery similarCompared with Gattinara: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Colline SaluzzesiVery similarCompared with Gattinara: −0.5 °C in the growing season, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 382 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Gattinara · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vinification and compulsory ageing in the commune of Gattinara (ageing in neighbouring communes possible by ministerial consent). Grape-to-wine yield is 70% at vinification and 65% after compulsory ageing; vigna wines need 12.50% natural potential alcohol and vines at least 7 years old.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.