What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Faro in Italy
- Latitude
- 38.1°–38.3° N
- Production zone
- 21,142 ha
Lies within
Sicilia
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Faro must meet.
Blend rules
Faro
- 45–60% Nerello Mascalese · Main grape
- 5–10% Nocera · Allowed
- 15–30% Nerello Cappuccio · Allowed
- ≤ 15% Calabrese (Nero d'Avola) / Gaglioppo (Montonico Nero) / Sangiovese · Allowed
At least 12 months' ageing.
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.6 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,052 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 341 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.6 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,052
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 356 mm
- Of 841 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 194 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 3 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 405 m; Vineyard point 2, 498 m; Vineyard point 3, 119 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 2.4 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Rosso CòneroVery similarCompared with Faro: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. CòneroVery similarCompared with Faro: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. МелникVery similarCompared with Faro: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 194 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- Disciplinare di produzione: Faro · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vineyards must be on hill or foothill land. The Ministry may let firms in the province of Messina with a prior history of making Faro vinify and age outside the zone.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.