What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Carignano del Sulcis in Italy
- Latitude
- 38.9°–39.3° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 17 m to 149 m
- Production zone
- 114,121 ha
Lies within
Girò di Cagliari, Nasco di Cagliari, Cagliari, Nuragus di Cagliari, Moscato di Sardegna, Monica di Sardegna, Vermentino di Sardegna, Sardegna Semidano
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Carignano del Sulcis must meet.
Blend rules
Carignano del Sulcis Rosso
- ≥ 85% Carignan · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes authorised in Sardegna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Carignano del Sulcis Rosso Riserva
- ≥ 85% Carignan · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes authorised in Sardegna · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Carignano del Sulcis Rosso Superiore
- ≥ 85% Carignan · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes authorised in Sardegna · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Carignano del Sulcis Rosato
- ≥ 85% Carignan · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes authorised in Sardegna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Carignano del Sulcis Novello
- ≥ 85% Carignan · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes authorised in Sardegna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Carignano del Sulcis Passito
- ≥ 85% Carignan · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic red grapes authorised in Sardegna · Others allowed
At least 6 months' ageing; release from 1 November of the year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
47 varieties · 6 wines
Aglianico, Albaranzeuli Nero, Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barbera Sarda, Bombino Nero, Bovale, Bovale Grande, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Caddiu, Cagnulari, Calabrese, Canaiolo Nero, Caricagiola, Croatina, Dolcetto, Fiudedda, Gaglioppo, Giro', Gregu Nieddu, Grenache, Malbec, Malvasia, Marzemino, Medrulinu, Merlot, Monica, Montepulciano, Nebbiolo, Nera del Ponte, Niedda Carta, Nieddera, Nieddu Mannu, Nigheddu Polchinu, Pascale, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Procu Nieddu, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Saluda e Passa, Sangiovese, Syrah, Teroldego, Tocai Rosso
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
400 m
Highest vineyard allowed
Training
Systems allowed
alberello; alberello appoggiato
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 21.2 °C, very hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,405 growing degree days (Winkler V).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 88 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 21.2 °C
- Very hot · above 21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,405
- Region V: 2,222 and over degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 183 mm
- Of 441 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 78 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 47 m; Vineyard point 2, 17 m; Vineyard point 3, 202 m; Vineyard point 4, 38 m; Vineyard point 5, 138 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:The vineyards are on land too small for the reanalysis grid, so the nearest land cell (up to 12 km away) is used; island climates are usually milder than this. Monthly reanalysis in gentle terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. MenfiVery similarCompared with Carignano del Sulcis: same season warmth, wetter (+27 mm).
2. SciaccaVery similarCompared with Carignano del Sulcis: same season warmth, wetter (+30 mm).
3. MarsalaVery similarCompared with Carignano del Sulcis: same season warmth, wetter (+49 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 78 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Carignano del Sulcis · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Alberello training is required only for Superiore; new plantings exclude expanded systems and alberello needs 5,000 vines/ha. Rosso needs at least 40 days in bottle; Superiore may not be enriched. Passito grapes are dried to at least 27% sugar, crushed between 10 October and 31 March, aged in vessels of at most 10 hl, and keep at least 5% reducing sugars. Bottling within the zone.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.