What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Campi Flegrei in Italy
- Latitude
- 40.7°–40.9° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 7 m to 202 m
- Production zone
- 9,411 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Campi Flegrei must meet.
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Falanghina Spumante
- ≥ 90% Falanghina · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic white grapes recommended or authorised for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Falanghina Passito
- ≥ 90% Falanghina · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic white grapes recommended or authorised for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Bianco
- 50–70% Falanghina · Main grape
- ≤ 50% other non-aromatic white grapes suitable or recommended for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Falanghina
- ≥ 90% Falanghina · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic white grapes recommended or authorised for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Rosso
- ≥ 50% Piedirosso · Main grape
- ≥ 30% Aglianico · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other non-aromatic black grapes suitable or recommended for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Piedirosso/Pér è Palummo Passito
- ≥ 90% Piedirosso o Pèr ‘e palummo · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable or recommended for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Piedirosso/Pér è Palummo Rosato
- ≥ 90% Piedirosso o Pèr ‘e palummo · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable or recommended for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Piedirosso/Pér è Palummo Rosso
- ≥ 90% Piedirosso o Pèr ‘e palummo · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable or recommended for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
Blend rules
Campi Flegrei Piedirosso o Pér e palummo rosso riserva
- ≥ 90% Piedirosso o Pèr ‘e palummo · Main grape
- ≤ 10% other non-aromatic red grapes suitable or recommended for the province of Napoli · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
14 varieties · 4 wines
Asprinio Bianco, Biancolella, Bombino Bianco, Caprettone, Catalanesca, Coda di Volpe Bianca, Fiano, Forastera, Greco, Montonico Bianco, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, S. Lunardo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdeca
12 varieties · Campi Flegrei Rosso, Campi Flegrei Piedirosso o Pér e palummo rosso riserva
Aglianicone, Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Montepulciano, Olivella Nera, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Sangiovese, Sciascinoso
13 varieties · Campi Flegrei Piedirosso/Pér è Palummo Passito, Campi Flegrei Piedirosso/Pér è Palummo Rosato, Campi Flegrei Piedirosso/Pér è Palummo Rosso
Aglianico, Aglianicone, Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Montepulciano, Olivella Nera, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Sangiovese, Sciascinoso
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
controspalliera bassa; puteolana
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 20.3 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,213 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 77 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 20.3 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,213
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 427 mm
- Of 1,088 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 229 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 81 m; Vineyard point 2, 39 m; Vineyard point 3, 78 m; Vineyard point 4, 91 m; Vineyard point 5, 96 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:The vineyards are on land too small for the reanalysis grid, so the nearest land cell (up to 16 km away) is used; island climates are usually milder than this. Monthly reanalysis in gentle terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. CirceoVery similarCompared with Campi Flegrei: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. ΝάουσαVery similarCompared with Campi Flegrei: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. ParrinaVery similarCompared with Campi Flegrei: same season warmth, drier (−45 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 229 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Campi Flegrei · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Maximum grape yields are given in quintals: 120 q/ha (12 t/ha) for Bianco and Falanghina and 100 q/ha (10 t/ha) for the red and rosato types; they are left null because the t/ha figure is not written. Passiti range from dry to sweet (actual alcohol at least 12% for sweet, 14% for dry Piedirosso passito) and may not be enriched by concentration; the spumante is brut or extra dry. The riserva's acidity and extract are taken from the Piedirosso rosso characteristics. A novello Rosso is also allowed.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.