What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Bolgheri Sassicaia in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.1°–43.2° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 9 m to 170 m
- Production zone
- 14,239 ha
Covers the same area as
Bolgheri
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Bolgheri Sassicaia must meet.
Blend rules
Bolgheri Sassicaia
- ≥ 80% Cabernet Sauvignon · Main grape
- ≤ 20% other red grapes suitable for Tuscany · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
54 varieties · Bolgheri Sassicaia
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
cordone speronato mono e bilaterale; archetto semplice o doppio ad alberello basso
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.5 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,040 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 136 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.5 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,040
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 415 mm
- Of 854 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 203 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 16 m; Vineyard point 2, 4 m; Vineyard point 3, 340 m; Vineyard point 4, 314 m; Vineyard point 5, 7 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. PicoVery similarCompared with Bolgheri Sassicaia: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Aglianico del TaburnoVery similarCompared with Bolgheri Sassicaia: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Terre di CosenzaVery similarCompared with Bolgheri Sassicaia: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 203 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Bolgheri Sassicaia · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vinification, ageing and bottling must take place in the comune of Castagneto Carducci (vinification_in_zone_required left null as this is the comune rather than the zone). Wood ageing is in oak barrels of at most 225 litres; minimum density of 4000 vines/ha applies to new plantings only.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.