What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Bianco dell'Empolese in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.7°–43.8° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 29 m to 156 m
- Production zone
- 28,055 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Bianco dell'Empolese must meet.
Blend rules
Bianco Dell’empolese
- ≥ 60% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Bianco dell'Empolese Vinsanto
- ≥ 60% Trebbiano Toscano · Main grape
- ≤ 40% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany (excluding Moscato Bianco) · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the third year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
34 varieties · Bianco Dell’empolese
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
33 varieties · Bianco dell'Empolese Vinsanto
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vermentino, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,300
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.8 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,875 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 77 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.8 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,875
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 516 mm
- Of 996 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 230 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 28 m; Vineyard point 2, 26 m; Vineyard point 3, 151 m; Vineyard point 4, 23 m; Vineyard point 5, 159 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Bonarda dell'Oltrepò PaveseVery similarCompared with Bianco dell'Empolese: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Vin Santo del ChiantiVery similarCompared with Bianco dell'Empolese: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline TeramaneVery similarCompared with Bianco dell'Empolese: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 230 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Bianco dell'Empolese · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vin Santo may be secco (at least 16% vol actual, at most 1% vol unfermented) or amabile (at least 14% vol actual, at least 3% vol unfermented), so sweetness is left null; grapes are dried naturally to at least 28% sugar and the wine aged in caratelli of at most 5 hl, with no minimum period stated. Vinification is also allowed in neighbouring communes.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.