What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow.
The source gives no colour for 1 wine category here, so the colours below are incomplete.
Where it is
English in United Kingdom
- Latitude
- 49.9°–55.8° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 17 m to 136 m
- Production zone
- 13,300,827 ha
Contains 1 appellation (outlined on the zone map)
Darnibole
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled English must meet.
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
220 m
Highest vineyard allowed
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 13.1 °C, cool on Gregory Jones's scale, with 718 growing degree days (Winkler Ia).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 90 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 13.1 °C
- Cool · 13–15 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 718
- Region Ia: under 1,111 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 470 mm
- Of 782 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 132 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 4 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 114 m; Vineyard point 2, 81 m; Vineyard point 3, 144 m; Vineyard point 4, 20 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. DonsVery similarCompared with English: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. WelshVery similarCompared with English: same season warmth, wetter (+113 mm).
3. DarniboleVery similarCompared with English: +0.6 °C in the growing season, wetter (+63 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 132 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Product specification: English (ENGLISH Wine and QSW PDO - Specification.doc) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Still wine covers all colours (colour 'other'); the 8.5 % actual minimum applies to unenriched white wine, 9 % to enriched wine. Vinification may take place in a county contiguous with England with prior authorisation from Wine Standards, so it is not strictly required in the zone. Enrichment is limited to +3 % vol (3.5 % in exceptional years); still wines may be sweetened by up to 4 % vol; sparkling cuvées may not be sweetened, acidification is capped at 1.5 g/l, and the sparkling wine must reach at least 3.5 bar.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.