What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Fronton in France
- Latitude
- 43.8°–44.0° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 106 m to 200 m
- Delimited vineyard land
- 18,616 ha
The delimited vineyard parcels themselves, so the shape is patchy: only land within them may grow the wine. Boundary: INAO parcel delimitation (Licence Ouverte); nearby parcels drawn as one block, with less detail for larger appellations. Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Fronton must meet.
Blend rules
Fronton
- ≥ 40% Négrette · Main grape
- – cabernet franc / cabernet-sauvignon / cinsaut / cot / fer / gamay / mérille / syrah / négret pounjut / bouysselet · Allowed
- ≤ 10% négret pounjut · Allowed
- ≤ 10% bouysselet · Allowed
- ≤ 10% marselan · Allowed
; release from 1 February of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Fronton rosé
- ≥ 40% Négrette · Main grape
- – cabernet franc / cabernet-sauvignon / cinsaut / cot / fer / gamay / mérille / syrah / négret pounjut / bouysselet · Allowed
- ≤ 10% négret pounjut · Allowed
- ≤ 10% bouysselet · Allowed
- ≤ 10% marselan · Allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
8 varieties · Fronton, Fronton, Fronton rosé
Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsaut, Fer, Gamay, Malbec, Mérille, Syrah
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
gobelet; cordon de Royat unilatéral; cordon de Royat bilatéral; Guyot simple; Guyot double (tirette)
Permitted
Irrigation
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.0 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,718 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 140 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.0 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,718
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 478 mm
- Of 788 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 124 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 149 m; Vineyard point 2, 101 m; Vineyard point 3, 196 m; Vineyard point 4, 148 m; Vineyard point 5, 106 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Istočna kontinentalna HrvatskaVery similarCompared with Fronton: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Grignan-les-AdhémarVery similarCompared with Fronton: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. GravesVery similarCompared with Fronton: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 124 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Cahier des charges: Fronton (Cahier des charges de l'AOC Fronton - BO n°17 du 24 avril 2025) · Ministère de l'Agriculture (Bulletin officiel), as linked by INAO · Official act
- Délimitation parcellaire des AOC viticoles de l'INAO · Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO), via data.gouv.fr · Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Négrette must be at least 51% of the holding's planting and the majority (at least 40%) of each blend; marselan is an adaptation variety limited to 5% of planting and 10% of the blend under a signed agreement. Irrigated parcels are limited to 7.8 t/ha. Red wines are aged until at least 15 January after the harvest; rosés follow article D.645-17.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.