What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Banyuls in France
- Latitude
- 42.4°–42.5° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 10 m to 181 m
- Delimited vineyard land
- 3,642 ha
Lies within
Muscat de Rivesaltes, Grand Roussillon, Languedoc
Covers the same area as
Banyuls grand cru, Collioure
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). Uses the delimited parcels where INAO publishes them.
The delimited vineyard parcels themselves, so the shape is patchy: only land within them may grow the wine. Boundary: INAO parcel delimitation (Licence Ouverte); nearby parcels drawn as one block, with less detail for larger appellations. Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Banyuls must meet.
Blend rules
Banyuls Rimage
- – Grenache · Main grape
- ≤ 10% carignan / cinsaut / counoise / grenache gris / mourvèdre / syrah · Allowed
; release from 1 May of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Traditionnel
- ≥ 50% Grenache · Main grape
- – Grenache Gris · Main grape
- ≤ 10% carignan / cinsaut / counoise / mourvèdre / syrah · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the second year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Traditionnel Hors d’Âge
- ≥ 50% Grenache · Main grape
- – Grenache Gris · Main grape
- ≤ 10% carignan / cinsaut / counoise / mourvèdre / syrah · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the fifth year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Traditionnel Hors d’Âge Rancio
- ≥ 50% Grenache · Main grape
- – Grenache Gris · Main grape
- ≤ 10% carignan / cinsaut / counoise / mourvèdre / syrah · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the fifth year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Rosé
- – grenache blanc / grenache gris / grenache / macabeu / tourbat · Main grape
- ≤ 20% muscat à petits grains / muscat d’Alexandrie · Allowed
Blend rules
Banyuls Ambré
- – grenache blanc / grenache gris / macabeu / tourbat · Main grape
- ≤ 20% muscat à petits grains / muscat d’Alexandrie · Allowed
- ≤ 10% marsanne / roussanne / vermentino / carignan blanc · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the second year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Blanc
- – grenache blanc / grenache gris / macabeu / tourbat · Main grape
- ≤ 20% muscat à petits grains / muscat d’Alexandrie · Allowed
- ≤ 10% marsanne / roussanne / vermentino / carignan blanc · Allowed
; release from 1 May of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Ambré Hors d’Âge
- – grenache blanc / grenache gris / macabeu / tourbat · Main grape
- ≤ 20% muscat à petits grains / muscat d’Alexandrie · Allowed
- ≤ 10% marsanne / roussanne / vermentino / carignan blanc · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the fifth year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Banyuls Ambré Hors d’Âge Rancio
- – grenache blanc / grenache gris / macabeu / tourbat · Main grape
- ≤ 20% muscat à petits grains / muscat d’Alexandrie · Allowed
- ≤ 10% marsanne / roussanne / vermentino / carignan blanc · Allowed
; release from 1 September of the fifth year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
5 varieties · Banyuls Traditionnel, Banyuls Traditionnel Hors d’Âge, Banyuls Traditionnel Hors d’Âge Rancio
2 varieties · Banyuls Rosé
Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Muscat d'Alexandrie
6 varieties · 4 wines
Carignan Blanc, Marsanne, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Muscat d'Alexandrie, Roussanne, Vermentino
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
4,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
gobelet; éventail
Prohibited
Irrigation
Not allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.8 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,881 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 145 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.8 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,881
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 337 mm
- Of 650 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 154 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 35 m; Vineyard point 2, 74 m; Vineyard point 3, 72 m; Vineyard point 4, 290 m; Vineyard point 5, 256 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. DouroVery similarCompared with Banyuls: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Beira InteriorVery similarCompared with Banyuls: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. ХасковоVery similarCompared with Banyuls: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 154 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Cahier des charges: Banyuls (Cahier des charges de l'AOC Banyuls homologué par arrêté du 4 juillet 2024, publié au JORF du 7 juillet 2024 - BO n°28 du 11 juillet 2024) · Ministère de l'Agriculture (Bulletin officiel), as linked by INAO · Official act
- Délimitation parcellaire des AOC viticoles de l'INAO · Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO), via data.gouv.fr · Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab)
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Vins doux naturels made by mutage with neutral grape spirit (at least 96% vol., 5–10% of must volume) before 31 December of the harvest year; yields are in hectolitres of must. Ambré, blanc and rosé are pressed off skins, rimage is muted on the grapes and traditionnel macerated. Élevage: blanc and rimage in a reductive environment until 1 May after the harvest (bottled by 30 June of the second year); ambré and traditionnel oxidatively until 1 September of the second year; hors d'âge until 1 September of the fifth year; rancio requires a 'goût de rancio' but no extra time. Rosé must be bottled by 31 December of the year after the harvest. Some grape limits (muscats 20% of holding; accessory varieties 10% per parcel) also apply in the vineyard. Hand harvest by successive tries.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.