What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Vinos de Madrid in Spain
- Latitude
- 39.9°–40.9° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 480 m to 814 m
- Production zone
- 350,041 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Vinos de Madrid must meet.
Blend rules
Vinos de Madrid rosé and 'Clarete' wines
- ≥ 25% red varieties ('Clarete' wines) · Main grape
- – Varieties listed in the specification · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
7 varieties · Vinos de Madrid (quality sparkling wine)
Albillo Real, Grenache, Macabeo, Malvar, Parellada, Tempranillo, Torrontés
16 varieties ·
Airén, Albillo Real, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha Tintoréra, Graciano, Grenache, Macabeo, Malvar, Merlot, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Parellada, Petit Verdot, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah, Tempranillo, Torrontés
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
900
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
goblet; trellis
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.8 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,101 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 649 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.8 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,101
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 245 mm
- Of 493 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 95 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 500 m; Vineyard point 2, 756 m; Vineyard point 3, 662 m; Vineyard point 4, 847 m; Vineyard point 5, 480 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Los CerrillosVery similarCompared with Vinos de Madrid: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. MateraVery similarCompared with Vinos de Madrid: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Πλαγιές ΜελίτωναVery similarCompared with Vinos de Madrid: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 95 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Single document: Vinos de Madrid (Official Journal C, C/2025/2458, 25.4.2025; and the technical file 'Ares(2014)2153055' from the EU register) · European Union, Official Journal (C series) · EU law (Commission reuse policy)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The 74 % limit is litres of must (not wine) per 100 kg; grape sugar must be at least 170 'degrees' (g) per litre of must. The Arganda sub-area has lower minimum actual strengths (white 10 %, rosé/Clarete 11 %, red 11.5 %). White and red 'Sobremadre' wines (endogenous CO2 from fermentation on the lees and skins) need 5 g/l total acidity. Sparkling wine is made from white and rosé wine. Vines are limited to 16 buds per vine or 36,000 per hectare and 4,000 vines/ha; colour extraction by heating is prohibited. Rosé and sparkling yields (8,000 kg/ha, 56 hl/ha) come from the older national technical file (2014), which gives one figure for all wines. That file's other figures differ from the single document's: minimum actual alcohol 10% (white), 11% (rosé, sparkling) and 11.5% (red), and still-wine acidity 4.5 g/l.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.