What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Oltina in Romania
- Latitude
- 43.8°–44.2° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 52 m to 132 m
- Production zone
- 93,619 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Oltina must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
14 varieties ·
Burgund Mare, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Crâmpoşie, Fetească Albă, Fetească Neagrăn, Fetească Regală, Merlot, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir, Riesling Italian, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
Permitted, with limits
Irrigation
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.2 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,769 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 92 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.2 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,769
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 365 mm
- Of 594 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 103 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 75 m; Vineyard point 2, 126 m; Vineyard point 3, 123 m; Vineyard point 4, 41 m; Vineyard point 5, 94 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ЯмболVery similarCompared with Oltina: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Sarica NiculiţelVery similarCompared with Oltina: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. БоляровоVery similarCompared with Oltina: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 103 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Single document: Oltina (Official Journal C, C/2025/3187, 10.6.2025; and the product specification 'Caiet sarcini DOC OLTINA.pdf' from the EU register) · European Union, Official Journal (C series) · EU law (Commission reuse policy)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: White, rosé and red wines share one set of analytical limits. Maximum yields are set per variety: the figures given are for Sauvignon, Fetească regală, Merlot and Syrah; Riesling italian and Crâmpoșie 13,000 kg/ha and 81 hl/ha; Fetească albă, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Muscat Ottonel and Burgund Mare 12,000 kg/ha and 74 hl/ha; Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot noir 10,000 kg/ha and 62 hl/ha; Fetească neagră 9,000 kg/ha and 56 hl/ha. Rosé yields are not set separately. Listed single-vineyard names may be added. From the national specification: rosé yield is recorded at the lowest red-variety limit (Fetească neagră, 9,000 kg/ha and 56 hl/ha). Late-harvest (C.T.) yields range from 8,000 kg/50 hl (Fetească neagră, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot noir) to 12,000 kg/74 hl; C.T. grapes need 220 g/l sugar (213 g/l for dry reds) and the wine 12.5 % vol actual alcohol as a varietal, 12.0 % as a blend. Full-maturity grapes need 187 g/l for dry, 192 g/l for medium-dry and 200 g/l for medium-sweet wines. Rezervă needs 6 months in oak and 6 in bottle; Vin de vinotecă one year in oak and 4 in bottle.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.