What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Banat in Romania
- Latitude
- 44.7°–45.7° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 109 m to 269 m
- Production zone
- 85,678 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Banat must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
17 varieties ·
Burgund Mare, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cadarcă, Chardonnay, Fetească Albă, Fetească Neagrăn, Fetească Regală, Majarcă Albă, Merlot, Muscat Ottonel, Novac, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Noir, Riesling Italian, Riesling de Rhin, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Permitted, with limits
Irrigation
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.7 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,663 growing degree days (Winkler II).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 151 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.7 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,663
- Region II: 1,389–1,666 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 506 mm
- Of 790 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 126 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 170 m; Vineyard point 2, 135 m; Vineyard point 3, 216 m; Vineyard point 4, 109 m; Vineyard point 5, 126 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. MonbazillacVery similarCompared with Banat: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Floc de GascogneVery similarCompared with Banat: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. RosetteVery similarCompared with Banat: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 126 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Product specification: Banat (Caiet de sarcini DOC BANAT completed Link with area.doc) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Sub-denominations Moldova Nouă, Dealurile Tirolului and Silagiu; products follow the traditional mentions D.O.C.-C.M.D. (full maturity) and D.O.C.-C.T. (late harvest); rosé is mentioned only in the analytical limits. Yields vary by variety: C.M.D. 8 t/ha and 52 hl/ha (Muscat Ottonel, Sauvignon, Pinot gris, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot noir, Fetească neagră), 10 t/ha and 65 hl/ha (Merlot, Rieslings, Fetească albă, Majarcă, Burgund mare, Cadarcă, Syrah, Novac), 12 t/ha and 78 hl/ha (Fetească regală); C.T. 7 t/ha and 46 hl/ha, or 8 t/ha and 52 hl/ha for Fetească albă, Merlot, Cadarcă, Syrah. C.M.D. grape sugar is 187 g/l for Fetească regală, Rieslings, Majarcă, Burgund mare, Cadarcă, Novac and 204 g/l for the other varieties. Barrique maturation is compulsory for red wines (maturation normally 6-12 months) and malolactic fermentation for reds; vineyard varietal purity at least 80 %. Enrichment follows general legislation.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.