What is made here
Wine colours
The only colour the rules allow.
Where it is
Setúbal in Portugal
- Latitude
- 38.4°–38.8° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 19 m to 86 m
- Production zone
- 115,432 ha
Covers the same area as
Palmela
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Setúbal must meet.
Blend rules
Setúbal branco
- ≥ 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Moscatel Graúdo) · Main grape
- – Antão-Vaz, Arinto, Fernão Pires and other listed varieties · Others allowed
At least 18 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Setúbal Moscatel de Setúbal
- ≥ 85% Moscatel de Setúbal (Moscatel Graúdo) · Main grape
- – Antão-Vaz, Arinto, Fernão Pires and other listed varieties · Others allowed
At least 18 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Setúbal tinto
- ≥ 67% Moscatel Roxo (Moscatel-Galego-Roxo) · Main grape
- – Aragonez, Bastardo, Castelão and other listed varieties · Others allowed
At least 18 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Setúbal Moscatel Roxo
- ≥ 85% Moscatel Roxo (Moscatel-Galego-Roxo) · Main grape
- – Aragonez, Bastardo, Castelão and other listed varieties · Others allowed
At least 18 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Setúbal Superior
- ≥ 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Moscatel Graúdo) · Main grape
- – Antão-Vaz, Arinto, Fernão Pires and other listed varieties · Others allowed
At least 60 months' ageing.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
17 varieties · 5 wines
Antão Vaz, Arinto, Bastardo, Castelão, Fernão Pires, Malvasia Fina, Moscatel Galego Branco, Moscatel Galego Roxo, Moscatel Graúdo, Rabo de Ovelha, Roupeiro Branco, Tempranillo, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira, Verdelho, Viosinho
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.5 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 2,037 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 72 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.5 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 2,037
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 223 mm
- Of 542 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 106 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 29 m; Vineyard point 2, 117 m; Vineyard point 3, 113 m; Vineyard point 4, 58 m; Vineyard point 5, 43 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Ribera del JúcarVery similarCompared with Setúbal: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Chozas CarrascalVery similarCompared with Setúbal: same season warmth, wetter (+39 mm).
3. LagosVery similarCompared with Setúbal: same season warmth, drier (−37 mm).
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 106 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Product specification: Setúbal (Caderno Especificações DO SETÚBAL.pdf) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Fortified (vinho generoso) Muscat wines; fermentation is stopped with wine spirit of 52-86 % vol or wine alcohol of at least 96 % vol, and actual alcohol must be between 16 and 22 % vol. The 80 hl/ha base yield may be raised annually by the certifying body by up to 50 %. Reducing sugars are listed as 280 g/l (wines up to 20 years) and 340 g/l (older wines) without stating whether these are minima or maxima, so they are left out. Superior may be red or white (grape rules shown for white; red follows Moscatel Roxo 67 %) and needs five years in total; age indications 10, 20, 30 and 40 anos are allowed.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.