What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Bairrada in Portugal
- Latitude
- 40.2°–40.7° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 41 m to 98 m
- Production zone
- 113,490 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Bairrada must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
26 varieties · 6 wines
Alfrocheiro, Arinto, Baga, Bical, Cabernet Sauvignon, Camarate, Castelão, Cercial, Chardonnay, Fernão Pires, Jaen, Merlot, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Rabo de Ovelha, Rufete, Sauvignon Blanc, Sercialinho, Syrah, Tempranillo, Tinta Barocca, Tinta de Lisboa, Tinto Cao, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Verdelho
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
3,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
semi-free; cordon
Emergency only
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.4 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,803 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 88 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.4 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,803
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 442 mm
- Of 1,032 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 195 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 86 m; Vineyard point 2, 175 m; Vineyard point 3, 45 m; Vineyard point 4, 48 m; Vineyard point 5, 86 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Banu MărăcineVery similarCompared with Bairrada: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. ЛозицаVery similarCompared with Bairrada: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. VentouxVery similarCompared with Bairrada: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 195 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Single document: Bairrada (Official Journal C 224, 27.6.2023; and the product specification 'Caderno Especificações DO Bairrada - final.pdf' from the EU register) · European Union, Official Journal (C series) · EU law (Commission reuse policy)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Minimum total acidity is not given as a figure (units only). Liqueur wine is made by adding wine distillate of 52–86 % vol to must early in fermentation and is described as moderately sweet. Clássico ageing periods are written as minimums before bottling yet include time in bottle, as quoted. The sparkling wine's 9 months is time on the bottler's premises after bottling. Clássico may use only Arinto, Bical, Cercial, Fernão-Pires, Rabo-de-Ovelha, Alfrocheiro, Baga, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen and Touriga-Nacional; vines must grow on calcareous, schist or podzol soils. The national specification (2011) sets the minimum natural strength of sparkling base wine at 10 % vol, against 9.5 % vol in the single document (kept); sparkling wines may be bruto natural, bruto, seco or meio-seco, and may carry Reserva, Super Reserva or Velha (Grande) Reserva, still wines Reserva, Garrafeira and other terms, without further limits stated there.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.