What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
San Colombano al Lambro in Italy
- Latitude
- 45.2°–45.3° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 84 m to 140 m
- Production zone
- 6,677 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled San Colombano al Lambro must meet.
Blend rules
San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Rosso
- 30–50% Croatina · Main grape
- 25–50% Barbera · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Uva Rara · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other black varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed
Blend rules
San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Rosso Riserva
- 30–50% Croatina · Main grape
- 25–50% Barbera · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Uva Rara · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other black varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Rosso Frizzante
- 30–50% Croatina · Main grape
- 25–50% Barbera · Main grape
- ≤ 15% Uva Rara · Allowed
- ≤ 15% other black varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed
Blend rules
San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Bianco
- ≥ 50% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed
Blend rules
San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Bianco Frizzante
- ≥ 50% Chardonnay · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Pinot Noir · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other non-aromatic white varieties authorised in Lombardy · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
61 varieties · San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Rosso, San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Rosso Riserva, San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Rosso Frizzante
Ancellotta, Bellagna, Bonarda, Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Cortis, Cabernet Eidos, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Volos, Carmenere, Corvina, Dolcetto, Erbanno, Fortana, Franconia, Freisa, Grappello Ruberti, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di Mocasina, Groppello di S. Stefano, Iasma Eco 1, Iasma Eco 2, Incrocio Terzi N.1, Julius, Lagrein, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Salamino, Lambrusco Viadanese, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Maiolina, Marzemino, Merera, Merlot, Merlot Kanthus, Meunier, Molinara, Montepulciano, Moradella, Mornasca, Moscato di Scanzo, Nebbiolo, Negrara, Petit Verdot, Pignola, Pinot Noir, Prior, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Rondinella, Rossola Nera, Sangiovese, Schiava, Schiava Gentile, Schiava Grigia, Schiava Grossa, Serbina, Syrah, Teroldego, Vespolina
39 varieties · San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Bianco, San Colombano Al Lambro/San Colombano Bianco Frizzante
Bronner, Bussanello, Cortese, Erbaluce, Erbamat, Fleurtai, Friulano, Garganega, Helios, Iasma Eco 3, Iasma Eco 4, Invernenga, Johanniter, Kerner, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Muscaris, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Kretos, Sauvignon Nepis, Sauvignon Rytos, Solaris, Soreli, Souvignier Gris, Timorasso, Trebbiano Giallo, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano di Soave, Veltliner, Verdea, Verdese, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
spalliera semplice o doppia; pergola a tetto inclinato; Casarsa; GDC
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.2 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,974 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 90 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.2 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,974
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 571 mm
- Of 933 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 189 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 111 m; Vineyard point 2, 79 m; Vineyard point 3, 103 m; Vineyard point 4, 81 m; Vineyard point 5, 77 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. ModenaVery similarCompared with San Colombano al Lambro: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. VignanelloVery similarCompared with San Colombano al Lambro: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. ReggianoVery similarCompared with San Colombano al Lambro: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 189 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: San Colombano al Lambro (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The riserva exists only for 'vigna' wines. Wines labelled 'vigna' have their own limits: Rosso 11 t/ha, 11.5% natural, 12% total, 4.5 g/l acidity, 22 g/l extract, release from 1 September after the harvest with three months in bottle; Bianco 11% natural, 11.5% total, three months in bottle; and 3,300 vines/ha for new vineyards. Rosso is 'asciutto o abboccato' and Bianco 'talvolta abboccato', so sweetness is left null; frizzante wines may be made in Piacenza and Pavia provinces.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.