What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Romagna in Italy
- Latitude
- 43.8°–44.6° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 3 m to 346 m
- Production zone
- 482,616 ha
Contains 4 appellations (outlined on the zone map)
Colli d'Imola, Colli di Faenza, Colli Romagna centrale, Romagna Albana
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Romagna must meet.
Blend rules
Romagna Cagnina
- ≥ 85% Cagnina · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
; release from 10 October of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Romagna Sangiovese
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
; release from 1 December of the harvest year.
Blend rules
Romagna Sangiovese Novello
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Sangiovese Superiore
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Romagna Sangiovese Riserva
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Romagna Sangiovese Superiore Riserva
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
At least 24 months' ageing.
Blend rules
Romagna Sangiovese Passito
- ≥ 85% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Rosato Spumante
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Albana / Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot grigio / Bombino bianco / Garganega / Grechetto gentile / Riesling renano / Riesling italico / Merlot / Uva Longanesi · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Manzoni Bianco · Allowed
- ≤ 5% Famoso · Allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Albana Spumante
- ≥ 95% Albana · Main grape
- ≤ 5% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Pagadebit
- ≥ 85% Bombino Bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Pagadebit Amabile
- ≥ 85% Bombino Bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Pagadebit Frizzante
- ≥ 85% Bombino Bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Pagadebit Bertinoro
- ≥ 85% Bombino Bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Trebbiano
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Romagnolo · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Trebbiano Spumante
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Romagnolo · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Trebbiano Frizzante
- ≥ 85% Trebbiano Romagnolo · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Bianco Spumante
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano Romagnolo · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Albana / Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot grigio / Bombino bianco / Garganega / Grechetto gentile / Riesling renano / Riesling italico / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Manzoni Bianco · Allowed
- ≤ 5% Famoso · Allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Pagadebit Amabile Frizzante
- ≥ 85% Bombino Bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Bianco
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano Romagnolo · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Albana / Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot grigio / Bombino bianco / Garganega / Grechetto gentile / Riesling renano / Riesling italico / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Manzoni Bianco · Allowed
- ≤ 5% Famoso · Allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Bianco Frizzante
- ≥ 70% Trebbiano Romagnolo · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Albana / Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot grigio / Bombino bianco / Garganega / Grechetto gentile / Riesling renano / Riesling italico / Sangiovese · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Manzoni Bianco · Allowed
- ≤ 5% Famoso · Allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Rosato
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Albana / Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot grigio / Bombino bianco / Garganega / Grechetto gentile / Riesling renano / Riesling italico / Merlot / Uva Longanesi · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Manzoni Bianco · Allowed
- ≤ 5% Famoso · Allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Rosato Frizzante
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 30% Albana / Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot grigio / Bombino bianco / Garganega / Grechetto gentile / Riesling renano / Riesling italico / Merlot / Uva Longanesi · Allowed
- ≤ 10% Manzoni Bianco · Allowed
- ≤ 5% Famoso · Allowed
Blend rules
Romagna Rosso
- ≥ 70% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other non-aromatic red varieties suitable for Emilia-Romagna · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
49 varieties · Romagna Cagnina, Romagna Rosso
Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Bonarda, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Canina Nera, Carmenere, Centesimino, Ciliegiolo, Croatina, Dolcetto, Ervi, Fogarina, Fortana, Gamay, Groppello Gentile, Lambrusco Barghi, Lambrusco Benetti, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Montericco, Lambrusco Oliva, Lambrusco Salamino, Lambrusco Viadanese, Lambrusco a Foglia Frastagliata, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Malbo Gentile, Marzemino, Merlese, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negretto, Perla dei Vivi, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sangiovese, Sgavetta, Syrah, Termarina, Uva Longanesi, Uva Tosca, Uva del Fantini, Uva del Tunde', Veruccese
49 varieties · 9 wines
Alicante, Ancellotta, Barbera, Bonarda, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Canina Nera, Carmenere, Centesimino, Ciliegiolo, Croatina, Dolcetto, Ervi, Fogarina, Fortana, Gamay, Groppello Gentile, Lambrusco Barghi, Lambrusco Benetti, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Montericco, Lambrusco Oliva, Lambrusco Salamino, Lambrusco Viadanese, Lambrusco a Foglia Frastagliata, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Malbo Gentile, Marzemino, Merlese, Merlot, Montepulciano, Negretto, Perla dei Vivi, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Raboso Veronese, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Sgavetta, Syrah, Termarina, Terrano, Uva Longanesi, Uva Tosca, Uva del Fantini, Uva del Tunde', Veruccese
36 varieties · Romagna Albana Spumante, Romagna Bianco, Romagna Bianco Frizzante
Alionza, Bervedino, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Durella, Famoso, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Melara, Montu', Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Ortrugo, Pignoletto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Ruggine, Santa Maria, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Spergola, Trebbianina, Trebbiano Modenese, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccina, Welschriesling
36 varieties · 5 wines
Albana, Alionza, Bervedino, Biancame, Durella, Famoso, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Melara, Montu', Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Ortrugo, Pignoletto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Ruggine, Santa Maria, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Spergola, Trebbianina, Trebbiano Modenese, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccina, Welschriesling
36 varieties · 4 wines
Albana, Alionza, Bervedino, Biancame, Bombino Bianco, Durella, Famoso, Fiano, Friulano, Garganega, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Melara, Montu', Mostosa, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Ortrugo, Pignoletto, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Ruggine, Santa Maria, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Spergola, Trebbianina, Trebbiano Modenese, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccina, Welschriesling
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
2,500
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 19.2 °C, hot on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,971 growing degree days (Winkler IV).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 166 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 19.2 °C
- Hot · 19–21 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,971
- Region IV: 1,944–2,221 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 489 mm
- Of 871 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 165 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 26 m; Vineyard point 2, 89 m; Vineyard point 3, 440 m; Vineyard point 4, 1 m; Vineyard point 5, 273 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 2.4 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. TerracinaVery similarCompared with Romagna: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Terre di PisaVery similarCompared with Romagna: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Greco di TufoVery similarCompared with Romagna: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 165 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Romagna (version published by MASAF up to May 2023, via the Internet Archive; later amendments not yet included) · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: The 16 subzones (Bertinoro, Brisighella, Castrocaro, Cesena, Longiano, Meldola, Modigliana, Marzeno, Oriolo, Predappio, Mercato Saraceno, Serra, Imola, Coriano, San Clemente, Verucchio) each have their own annex with different grape, yield and ageing rules, so the two 'con Menzione Geografica Aggiuntiva' Sangiovese products are left empty; Pagadebit Bertinoro is taken from Annex 1 (secco or amabile, min. 2,500 vines/ha for new plantings). Albana Spumante is sweet, made from partly dried grapes (16% natural alcohol after drying) by either traditional or tank method, as are Bianco and Rosato Spumante. Sangiovese Novello needs at least 50% carbonic maceration wine; enrichment of up to 1% vol. is allowed for Sangiovese, Novello and Superiore; vinification is allowed across the provinces of Forlì-Cesena, Ravenna, Bologna and Rimini. Bianco, Rosato and Rosso types are governed by the text but absent from the register list, so they were added.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.