What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Candia dei Colli Apuani in Italy
- Latitude
- 44.0°–44.1° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 14 m to 262 m
- Production zone
- 18,161 ha
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Candia dei Colli Apuani must meet.
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Bianco
- ≥ 70% Vermentino bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Bianco Frizzante Secco
- ≥ 70% Vermentino bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Bianco Frizzante Amabile
- ≥ 70% Vermentino bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Bianco Vin Santo
- ≥ 70% Vermentino bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
; release from 1 November of the third year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Bianco Vendemmia Tardiva
- ≥ 70% Vermentino bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 30% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Vermentino Bianco
- ≥ 85% Vermentino bianco · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other white grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosso
- 60–80% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 20% Merlot · Allowed
- ≤ 20% other red grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosato
- 60–80% Sangiovese · Main grape
- ≤ 20% Merlot · Allowed
- ≤ 20% other red grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosso Vermentino Nero
- ≥ 85% Vermentino Nero · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosato Vermentino Nero
- ≥ 85% Vermentino Nero · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other black grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Blend rules
Candia dei Colli Apuani Barsaglina/Massaretta
- ≥ 85% Barsaglina · Main grape
- ≤ 15% other red grapes authorised in Tuscany · Others allowed
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
34 varieties · 6 wines
Albana, Albarola, Ansonica, Biancone, Canaiolo Bianco, Clairette, Durella, Fiano, Grechetto, Greco, Incrocio Bruni 54, Livornese Bianca, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Malvasia Bianca di Candia, Malvasia Istriana, Manzoni Bianco, Marsanne, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Blanc A Petits Grains, Nocchianello Bianco, Orpicchio, Petit Manseng, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Trebbiano Toscano, Verdea, Verdello, Verdicchio Bianco, Vernaccia di S. Giminiano, Viognier, Welschriesling
53 varieties · Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosso, Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosato
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
54 varieties · Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosso Vermentino Nero, Candia dei Colli Apuani Rosato Vermentino Nero
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Barsaglina, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego
54 varieties · Candia dei Colli Apuani Barsaglina/Massaretta
Alicante, Alicante Bouschet, Ancellotta, Barbera, Bonamico, Bracciola Nera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrese, Caloria, Canaiolo Nero, Canina Nera, Carignan, Carmenere, Cesanese D Affile, Ciliegiolo, Colombana Nera, Colorino, Foglia Tonda, Gamay, Gralima, Grand Noir, Gratena, Groppello Gentile, Groppello di S. Stefano, Lambrusco Maestri, Malbec, Malvasia, Malvasia Nera di Brindisi, Malvasia Nera di Lecce, Mammolo, Mazzese, Merlese, Merlot, Mondeuse, Montepulciano, Moscato D Amburgo, Mourvèdre, Nocchianello Nero, Pinot Noir, Pollera Nera, Prugnolo Gentile, Pugnitello, Rebo, Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso, Roussin, Sagrantino, Sanforte, Sangiovese, Schiava Gentile, Syrah, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Vermentino Nero
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
6,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
No forcing
Forcing the vines is prohibited
Permitted
Irrigation
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 18.8 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,880 growing degree days (Winkler III).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 137 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 18.8 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,880
- Region III: 1,667–1,943 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 726 mm
- Of 1,473 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 335 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 122 m; Vineyard point 2, 202 m; Vineyard point 3, 2 m; Vineyard point 4, 243 m; Vineyard point 5, 114 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. GardaVery similarCompared with Candia dei Colli Apuani: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Hrvatsko primorjeVery similarCompared with Candia dei Colli Apuani: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Val PolcèveraVery similarCompared with Candia dei Colli Apuani: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 335 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Disciplinare di produzione: Candia dei Colli Apuani · Ministero dell'agricoltura, della sovranità alimentare e delle foreste (MASAF) · Official act
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Bianco may be secco (extract 16 g/l) or amabile (17 g/l), so its extract and sweetness are null; amabile wines may referment in bottle. Vin Santo (grapes dried to at least 27% sugar, crushed 1 Dec to 31 Mar, aged in caratelli of at most 5 hl, at least 2% vol unfermented) and Vendemmia Tardiva range from secco to amabile; Vendemmia Tardiva's 24 g/l is net dry extract. Grapes may also be dried for Vendemmia Tardiva, with no minimum period.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.