What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Estaing in France
- Latitude
- 44.5°–44.6° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 376 m to 500 m
- Delimited vineyard land
- 993 ha
The delimited vineyard parcels themselves, so the shape is patchy: only land within them may grow the wine. Boundary: INAO parcel delimitation (Licence Ouverte); nearby parcels drawn as one block, with less detail for larger appellations. Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Estaing must meet.
Blend rules
Estaing
- ≥ 50% fer / gamay · Main grape
- ≥ 30% Fer · Main grape
- ≥ 10% cabernet franc / cabernet-sauvignon · Allowed
- ≤ 30% abouriou / castet / duras / merlot / mouyssaguès / négret de Banhars / pinot noir · Allowed
; release from 1 April of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Estaing rosé
- ≥ 50% fer / gamay · Main grape
- ≥ 30% Fer · Main grape
- ≥ 10% cabernet franc / cabernet-sauvignon · Allowed
- ≤ 30% abouriou / castet / duras / merlot / mouyssaguès / négret de Banhars / pinot noir · Allowed
- 50–80% Gamay · Main grape
; release from 1 February of the year after the harvest.
Blend rules
Estaing blanc
- ≥ 50% Chenin Blanc · Main grape
- ≥ 10% Mauzac · Allowed
- ≤ 20% saint-côme · Allowed
; release from 1 February of the year after the harvest.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
9 varieties · 4 wines
Abouriou, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Castets, Duras, Merlot, Mouyssaguès, Négret de Banhars, Pinot Noir
2 varieties · Estaing
Mauzac, Saint-Côme
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
5,000
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
gobelet; cordon de Royat; taille Guyot simple
Permitted
Irrigation
Allowed
Enrichment (chaptalisation)
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 15.6 °C, intermediate on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,209 growing degree days (Winkler Ib).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 451 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 15.6 °C
- Intermediate · 15–17 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,209
- Region Ib: 1,111–1,388 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 665 mm
- Of 1,170 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 206 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 482 m; Vineyard point 2, 460 m; Vineyard point 3, 500 m; Vineyard point 4, 402 m; Vineyard point 5, 410 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in moderately complex terrain; not yet checked against a weather station.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. Alsace grand cru WinzenbergVery similarCompared with Estaing: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. Alsace grand cru KanzlerbergVery similarCompared with Estaing: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. Alsace grand cru Altenberg de BergheimVery similarCompared with Estaing: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 206 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- Quality wines in Italy and France: a dataset of PDO specifications · figshare 25393261 · CC BY 4.0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Cahier des charges: Estaing (Cahier des charges relatifs aux appellations d’origines contrôlées suivantes (en lien, décret d’homologation paru au JORF) : Grignan-les-Adhémar, Musigny, Entra) · Ministère de l'Agriculture (Bulletin officiel), as linked by INAO · Official act
- Délimitation parcellaire des AOC viticoles de l'INAO · Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO), via data.gouv.fr · Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: 'Estaing' is recorded as the red. Grape percentages are holding-level planting rules except the gamay 50–80% (rosé) and saint-côme under 20% (white), which apply to the blend; reds need at least 3 varieties including both main ones (at least 50%, fer above 30%), rosés 2 varieties with a complementary one, whites 2 varieties with chenin above 50% and mauzac above 10%. Hand harvesting is compulsory; irrigated parcels 8000 kg/ha (white) or 7000 kg/ha (red, rosé); continuous presses are banned.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.