What is made here
Wine colours
Colours the rules allow. Pick a colour to filter the rules and grapes below.
Where it is
Карлово in Bulgaria
- Latitude
- 42.2°–42.8° N
- Vineyard altitude
- 201 m to 798 m
- Production zone
- 229,389 ha
Contains 1 appellation (outlined on the zone map)
Хисаря
Worked out from the boundaries (smallest container first). They follow whole communes, so a neighbour sharing a commune can show up here too.
Boundary drawn from whole communes, so it is a little larger than the legal zone. Boundary: Eurac Research PDO inventory (CC0). Country outlines: Natural Earth. Dots on the zone map are the vineyard points used for climate.
Showing every colour The colour filter changes the rules and grapes. Climate, vintages and soils describe the vineyards, so they stay the same.
01 · What the law says
The rules
Limits on grapes, yields, ripeness and ageing that every wine labelled Карлово must meet.
Other varieties allowed
Besides the main grapes, the rules allow these varieties in some wines. Grape names link where a profile exists.
4 varieties ·
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Misket Cherven, Traminer
In the vineyard and cellar: rules for every wine
1,112
Vines per hectare, minimum
Training
Systems allowed
umbrella; Moser; mid-height bilateral cordon
Cellar
Where the wine must be made
Within the production zone
02 · Climate fingerprint
The climate
The growing season averages 17.3 °C, warm on Gregory Jones's scale, with 1,568 growing degree days (Winkler II).
The average year 1991–2020, vineyards at about 436 m
Monthly mean, °CRain, mmGrowing season
- Growing-season temperature
- 17.3 °C
- Warm · 17–19 °C (Jones)
- Growing degree days
- 1,568
- Region II: 1,389–1,666 degree days
- Growing-season rain
- 558 mm
- Of 826 mm a year
- Harvest rain
- 117 mm
- September–October
Copernicus ERA5-Land monthly averages at 5 vineyard points (Vineyard point 1, 366 m; Vineyard point 2, 199 m; Vineyard point 3, 443 m; Vineyard point 4, 776 m; Vineyard point 5, 398 m), moved to each point's height from the model's terrain. Indices that need daily data are not captured yet. How the climate figures are made.
Lower confidence:Monthly reanalysis in complex terrain (height corrections up to 2.9 °C); absolute values may be several degrees out, year-to-year changes are more reliable.
Closest climates in the database
Picked by the data, not by hand: the profiles nearest on season warmth (counted twice), degree days, rain, ripening-month nights and day–night range. Neighbours within 30 km are left out, as they share the same weather.
1. MinişVery similarCompared with Карлово: same season warmth, similar rain.
2. HermitageVery similarCompared with Карлово: same season warmth, similar rain.
3. CahorsVery similarCompared with Карлово: same season warmth, similar rain.
Growing-season temperature
Growing degree days
Growing-season rain
03 · Year by year
35 vintages
Each column is one growing season: heat above or below the 1991–2020 average, and rain at harvest. Pick a year for the details.
Warmer than averageCooler than averageHarvest rain (Sep–Oct)Average harvest rain, 117 mm
2025
- Growing-season temp.
- Growing degree days
- Harvest rain
- Growing-season rain
- September nights
- Hot days and frosts
Seasons are labelled by harvest year (April–October). Year-to-year changes from ERA5-Land; tested against station records in Alto Adige (r = 0.94 for season temperature at Bolzano). Rain varies more locally, so treat single-season rain with some caution. Vintage ratings, harvest dates and frost or hail events have places in the data model but are not loaded yet.
04 · Where the numbers come from
Sources
- A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe · Candiago et al., Scientific Data 9, 394 (2022); Eurac Research · CC0
- ERA5-Land monthly averaged data (reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), Climate Data Store · CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus licence)
- OpenStreetMap vineyard areas (landuse=vineyard), from Geofabrik country extracts · OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0
- Copernicus DEM GLO-90 (AWS open data tiles) · European Space Agency / Copernicus · Copernicus DEM licence
- Product specification: Карлово (PDO_Karlovo.pdf) · National authority, as filed in the EU register (eAmbrosia) · Official document
- Appellation nesting worked out from boundaries (pipeline/build_nesting.py) · Vinous, from the Eurac PDO boundaries · CC0 (source data)
- Climate profiles calculated by Vinous: method
Still to check (3)
- Generated from EU reference data: check against the current product specification.
- From the specification: Bulgarian traditional category: guaranteed and controlled designation of origin (GKNP). Oak-barrel ageing is permitted, and the traditional terms Novo, Premium oak / first fill barrel, Reserva, Special reserve, Special selection, Collection and Rozentaler may be used, but the specification gives them no ageing periods. Sugar may be up to 4 g/l, or up to 9 g/l when total acidity is no more than 2 g/l below residual sugar (recorded as the 9 g/l maximum); the limit of 9,000 kg/ha applies to all wines; the wine yield is litres per 100 kg of grapes. Training: umbrella, Moser, mid-height bilateral cordon; mixed and short pruning with up to 54 buds per vine; rows 2.0–3.4 m and vines 1.0–1.5 m apart, at most 450 vines per decare (4,500 per ha), no minimum density stated.
- National tier (DOC/DOCG) not captured yet; rules extracted from the specification text.